Table 2.
Description, severity level, and management of all complications
| Description | Number | Clavien-Dindo modified grade | Management |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early complications (0–10 weeks) | |||
| Pulmonary embolism | 1 | 4 | Anticoagulant medication |
| Deep infection | 2 | 3 | Incision and drainage + antibiotics |
| Intraoperative nondisplaced posterior column fracture | 1 | 3 | PAO performed as a staged procedure + additional weightbearing restrictions |
| Wound dehiscence | 1 | 3 | Débridement + negative pressure wound therapy |
| Neurapraxia of the motor branch of the deep peroneal nerve related to a pressure injury to the fibular head area by compression stockings | 1 | 2 | Monitoring and followup to the extensor hallux longus, which recovered completely |
| Peroneal nerve dysesthesia* | 1 | 2 | Pharmacologic treatment (gabapentin) |
| Left inferior pubic ramus stress fracture | 1 | 2 | Crutches for 4 weeks |
| Calf pain | 1 | 1 | Doppler to assess for DVT, which was negative |
| Wound dehiscence | 1 | 1 | None; secondary wound healing |
| Late complications (10 weeks to 12 months) | |||
| Psoas tenosynovitis/snapping | 1 | 2 | NSAIDs and physical therapy |
| Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve dysesthesia | 1 | 2 | Pharmacologic treatment + lidocaine patches |
| Heterotopic ossification–Brooker Grade II | 7 | 1 | None |
* Peroneal nerve dysesthesia developed as pain and tingling on the dorsal aspect of the foot of a 13-year-old girl with arthrogryposis and multiple previous surgeries on her foot, including application of an external fixator; this patient had always experienced pain in her foot that was thought to be worsened for the first 2 months after PAO; PAO = periacetabular osteotomy; DVT = deep vein thrombosis; NSAIDs = nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.