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. 2017 Mar 7;11:88. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00088

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Copyright © 2017 Chen, Summers, Goding, Samargia, Ludlow, Prudente and Kimberley.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bilateral thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle responses to right peripheral and cortical stimulation in one participant. (A) Left TA recording without a response to right peripheral stimulation during rest (sample trace); (B) Right TA response to right peripheral stimulation during rest (MEP latency is 5.6 ms.); (C) Left TA recording without a response to right peripheral stimulation during vocalization (sample trace); (D) Right TA response to right peripheral stimulation (MEP peak latency is 5.7 ms.); (E) Average of 50 left TA responses to right cortical stimulation (MEP peak latency is 13.0 ms); (F) Average of 50 right TA responses to right cortical stimulation (MEP peak latency is 11.1 ms). Note the unilateral (ipsilateral) responses to peripheral stimulation and bilateral responses to cortical stimulation, which demonstrates the validity of cortical responses. MEP: motor evoked potential.