Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for child negative emotionality, parental anxiety, and parental harsh discipline for boys and girls.

Variables	Boys		Girls		t	Cohen's d
	M	SD	M	SD	(Gender)
Child negative emotionality	3.74	0.75	3.81	0.72	−0.81	−0.10
Maternal anxiety	1.70	1.77	1.56	2.04	0.65	0.07
Paternal anxiety	1.41	1.99	1.58	2.21	−0.71	−0.08
Maternal psychological aggression	19.10	16.18	18.45	16.85	0.36	0.04
Paternal psychological aggression	15.72	15.47	12.72	12.63	1.93+	0.21
Maternal corporal punishment	9.32	11.99	8.31	12.86	0.74	0.08
Paternal corporal punishment	7.25	9.37	5.06	9.49	2.10*	0.23

t-values are for comparisons of boys and girls; Cohen's d is the effect size for group differences.

⁺p < 0.1,

^*p < 0.05.