Table 2.

Summary of some of the novel prognostic markers that were published recently.

Authors	Novel prognostic marker	Conclusion
Li et al. 2015 [39]	The expression patterns of miR-15a/16-1	miR-15a seems to be linked with disease progression and prognosis while miR-16-1 acts as a valuable diagnostic marker
Wang et al. 2015 [40]	Immune checkpoint signaling	The overall response rate to treatment was higher in low sPD-L1 patients than in high sPD-L1 patients
Jung et al. 2016 [41]	Inverse platelet to lymphocyte ratio (iPLR)	Staging by iPLR group had predictive value for PFS and OS
Zhou et al. 2015 [42]	Dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)	Four lncRNAs were identified to be significantly associated with OS
Lee et al. 2015 [43]	Bone marrow (BM) microvessel density (MVD)	PFS was significantly lower in the high MVD group than in the low MVD group
Ma et al. 2015 [44]	N-Cadherin	OS is worse with high expression of N-Cadherin which may be related to 1q21 amplification.
Lullo et al. 2015 [45]	Th22 cells	Increased frequency of IL-22(+)IL-17(−)IL-13(+) T cells correlates with poor prognosis
Li et al. 2015 [46]	Downregulated miR-33b	miR-33b low expression had significantly shortened PFS and OS
Bolomsky et al. 2015 [47]	Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) expression	IGFBP7 expression is linked to translocation t(4;14) showing clinical features of adverse prognosis
Jung et al. 2015 [48]	Autophagic markers beclin 1 and LC3	Higher immunoreactivity for autophagic markers in MM is associated with superior patient survival
Trotter et al. 2015 [49]	Myeloma cell-derived Runx2	Runx2 expression is a major regulator of MM progression in bone and myeloma bone disease