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. 2016 Nov 2;72(3):256–262. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208467

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Electromyogram (EMG)_di% (left panel), ventilation (middle panel) and the V_T/EMG_di (right panel) in patients with COPD alone, overlap syndrome, normal subjects and patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Ventilation decreases from wakefulness to sleep in all four groups but only in patients with COPD, overlap syndrome and OSA is the reduction statistically significant. EMG_di decreases in patients with COPD alone but increases in patients with OSA from wakefulness to non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, whereas it remains the same in normal subjects and patients with overlap syndrome. V_T/EMG_di decreases from wakefulness to sleep in patients with overlap syndrome and those with OSA but it changes little in normal subjects and patients with COPD alone. The decrease in ventilation is associated with a reduction of EMG_di in patients with COPD alone whereas ventilation reduction is associated with decreased V_T/EMG_di in patients with overlap syndrome and those with OSA.