Table 1.
The main information about clinical and experimental metabolomic studies on DILI.
| Reference | Methods | Sample | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| [15] | UPLC-TOF-MS | Serum | LPC 16:0, LPC 18:0, LPC 18:2, and LPC 18:3↓; glycylchenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholate, bilirubin, stearic acid amide, oleic acid amide, myristyl amide, and hypoxanthine↑ |
|
| |||
| [16] | 1H-NMR | Serum and urine | Serum metabolites: lactate, glucose, 3-hydroxyisovalerate, isoleucine, acetylglycine, acetone, acetate, glutamine, ethanol, and isobutyrate↑; urine metabolites: citrate, glycine, hippurate↓; 3-chlorotyrosine, phenylalanine, and glutarate↑ |
|
| |||
| [17] | UPLC-TOF-MS/MS | Serum | sn-1 monoacylglycerophosphocholine, sn-2 arachidonyl diacylglycerophosphocholine, and sphingolipids↓; diacylglycerophosphocholines, monoacylglycerophosphoethanolamines, and amino acids↑ |
|
| |||
| [18] | GC-MS | Serum | NEFAs: C18:1n9, C18:1n7, C18:2n6, C20:3n6, C20:4n6, C20:5n3, and C22:6n3↑; all EFAs except C12:0↑ |
UPLC-TOF-MS: ultraperformance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
UPLC-TOF-MS/MS: ultraperformance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry.
1H-NMR: a proton nuclear magnetic resonance.
GC-MS: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.