Table 6.

The main findings of studies on liver failure.

Reference	Methods	Sample	Main findings
[40]	UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap-MS	Serum	LysoPC(18:0), lysoPC(17:0), lysoPC(16:0), lysoPC(15:0), PA(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)e/2:0), phenylalanyl phenylalanine, bilirubin glucuronide, acetoacetic acid, L-threonine, and DHAP(18:0) showed significant differences between the survival group and nonsurvival group; lysoPC(14:0), phenylalanyl phenylalanine, and bilirubin glucuronide improved with treatment and had potential disease-monitoring capability.
[41]	UPLC-QTOF-MS	Serum	Phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, nonconjugated bile acids, and conjugated bile acids were considered as common biomarkers of ACLF and CLF group, while linoleyl carnitine showed significant increase in CLF compared with ACLF; it was considered as the differential marker of the diagnosis of CLF and ACLF.
[42]	HPLC-ion trapTOF-MS	Serum	1-Linoleoylglycerophosphocholine or 1-linoleoylphosphatidyl choline was found significantly different between healthy controls and liver failure group.