Table 1.
Demographic information and cognitive measures for patient and control groups.
| Group 1 | p | Group 2 | p | Group 3 | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC | MCI-S | HC | MCI-CB | HC | MCI-CC | ||||
| N | 23 | 23 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |||
| Age, years | 70.96 5.78 | 71.22 6.54 | 0.887 | 75.90 5.99 | 76.20 6.25 | 0.914 | 77.40 5.34 | 78.00 6.24 | 0.778 |
| Education, years | 14.35 2.69 | 14.17 3.01 | 0.672 | 14.70 4.03 | 13.40 3.40 | 0.376 | 13.30 2.41 | 13.40 3.41 | 0.804 |
| Gender, M/F | 12/11 | 12/11 | 1.000 | 2/8 | 1/9 | 1.000 | 3/7 | 1/9 | 0.582 |
| FU time, monthsa | 46.91 33.89 | 25.91 8.41 | N/A | 39.50 32.35 | 20.80 4.98 | N/A | 48.10 33.22 | N/A | N/A |
| MMSE, /30 | 29.83 0.38 | 28.09 1.67 | 0.000* | 29.30 0.95 | 26.60 1.95 | 0.000* | 29.30 1.06 | 23.50 2.55 | 0.000* |
| aMCI s/m | N/A | 0/23 | N/A | N/A | 3/7 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| EPISODIC MEMORY | |||||||||
| VLMT learning | 57.96 10.96 | 40.39 8.41 | 0.000* | 54.80 12.12 | 27.86 6.49 | 0.000* | 57.10 12.17 | 24.90 5.74 | 0.000* |
| VLMT recall | 12.39 2.25 | 6.19 3.47 | 0.000* | 11.50 2.50 | 1.71 1.49 | 0.000* | 11.20 2.86 | 0.79 1.69 | 0.000* |
| EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS | |||||||||
| Animal fluency | 25.48 5.55 | 19.04 5.11 | 0.000* | 22.10 4.45 | 15.20 3.85 | 0.002* | 23.40 3.80 | 11.80 4.31 | 0.000* |
| Letter fluency | 33.09 11.33 | 22.78 11.00 | 0.003* | 29.90 7.76 | 25.20 10.01 | 0.259 | 32.50 8.38 | 24.70 9.79 | 0.072 |
| DigitSpan bw | 6.87 1.79 | 5.13 1.68 | 0.001* | 5.50 1.08 | 5.40 1.17 | 0.976 | 5.70 1.89 | 5.30 1.49 | 0.606 |
| PSYCHOMOTOR SPEED/ATTENTION | |||||||||
| TMT A | 36.65 8.20 | 50.87 23.57 | 0.011* | 44.50 7.05 | 43.90 10.82 | 0.885 | 39.50 12.32 | 58.50 20.11 | 0.020* |
| TMT B | 87.52 25.80 | 156.39 60.8 | 0.000* | 111.60 36.7 | 162.50 75.8 | 0.079 | 101.3 37.28 | N/Ab | N/Ab |
| LANGUAGE | |||||||||
| BNT | 14.74 0.45 | 13.61 1.15 | 0.000* | 14.90 0.32 | 13.70 1.25 | 0.015* | 14.80 0.42 | 12.80 1.47 | 0.000* |
Values are means and standard deviations if not specified otherwise. HC, healthy control subjects; MCI-S, stable mild cognitive impairment at baseline; MCI-CB, mild cognitive impairment converters at baseline; MCI-CC, mild cognitive impairment converters at time of conversion; M/F, male/female; FU, follow-up; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; aMCI s/m, amnestic mild cognitive impairment single domain (s), multiple domain (d); VLMT, Verbaler Lern—und Merkfähigkeitstest; bw, backward; TMT, Trail Making Test; BNT, Boson Naming Test; N/A, not applicable.
Significant p value test by ANOVA (normally distributed data), Mann U Whitney (not normally distributed data), and Pearson's X2 test (categorical variables).
Time from baseline MRI to the time of Alzheimer's disease diagnosis for MCI-CB; time from baseline MRI to the last available visit for MCI-S; time from the first HC diagnosis to the last available visit for HC.
high percentage of missing values due to the subjects' impairment did not allow statistical analyses.