Figure 2. Mélange buttressing force on the terminus as a function of sea-ice bond thickness.

Buttressing force is obtained by averaging over the terminus width and over 1 month of simulations run to a statistical steady state. Red lines are simulations with a straight channel configuration. Blue lines are simulations with a narrowed channel configuration. Solid lines are simulations that permit sea-ice bonds between mélange elements and between mélange elements and channel side elements. Dashed lines are simulations with sea-ice bonds only permitted between mélange elements. Grey shading indicates the mélange buttressing force that prevents penetration of fractures near terminus, as estimated in Fig. 9 of Krug et al.¹⁵ and consistent with the Amundson et al.⁹ estimates for prevention of iceberg rotation from a terminus at flotation (for θ=1°).