Table 1.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis causative antigens
| Antigen | Source | Disease |
|---|---|---|
| Microbes | ||
| Alternaria species | Wood or wood pulp | Woodworker’s lung |
| Aspergillus clavatus | Moldy grains | Malt-worker’s lung |
| Aspergillus species | Tobacco mold | Tobacco-worker’s lung |
| Aspergillus species | Moldy malt | Malt-worker’s lung |
| Aspergillus versicolor | Animal bedding | Dog house disease |
| Aureobasidium pullulans | Moldy sequoia dust | Sequoiosis |
| Aureobasidium species | Contaminated water | Sauna-taker’s disease |
| Bacillus subtilis | Detergent enzymes | Detergent-worker’s lung |
| Botrytis cinerea | Grape mold | Winegrower’s lung or Späetlase lung |
| Candida albicans | Saxophone mouthpiece | Sax lung |
| Cephalosporium | Sewage | Sewage-worker’s lung |
| Cryptostroma corticale | Moldy maple bark | Maple bark–stripper’s lung |
| Merulius lacrymans | – | Dry rot lung |
| Mixed amoeba, fungi, and bacteria | Cold mist and other humidifiers, air conditioners | Nylon plant or office worker’s or air conditioner’s lung, ventilation pneumonitis |
| Mycobacterium avium | Contaminated water | Hot tub lung |
| Mycobacterium species, Gram negative bacilli | Metal-cutting fluid | Machine-worker’s lung |
| Mucor stolonifer | Paprika | Paprika-splitter’s lung |
| Penicillium casei | Cheese mold | Cheese-washer’s lung |
| Penicillium chrysogenum | Moldy wood dust | Woodworker’s lung |
| Penicillium frequentans | Moldy cork | Suberosis |
| Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (micropolyspora faeni) | Moldy hay | Farmer’s lung |
| Thermoactinomyces vulgaris | Moldy hay, compost | Farmer’s lung, mushroom-worker’s lung, composter’s lung |
| Thermoactinomyces sacchari | Sugar cane residue | Bagassosis |
| Thermophilic actinomycetes | Moldy plant materials | Farmer’s lung |
| Trichosporon cutaneum | Mold in Japanese homes | Summer-type HP |
| Animals | ||
| Animal fur protein | Animal fur | Furrier’s lung |
| Avian proteins | Bird excreta, blood, or feather | Bird-breeder’s lung, bird-fancier’s lung, pigeon-breeder’s lung |
| Gerbil proteins | Gerbil | Gerbil-keeper’s lung |
| Fish | Fish meal dust | Fishmeal-worker’s lung |
| Mollusk shell protein | Mollusk shell dust | Oyster shell lung |
| Ox and pork protein | Pituitary snuff | Pituitary snuff–taker’s lung |
| Rat proteins | Rat urine or serum | Rodent-handler’s lung |
| Silk worm larvae proteins | Silk worm larvae | Sericulturist’s lung |
| Wheat weevil | Flour | Miller’s lung |
| Plants | ||
| Coffee | Coffee bean dust | Coffee-worker’s lung |
| Lycoperdon species | Puffballs | Lycoperdonosis |
| Soybean | Soybean hulls | Soybean-worker’s lung |
| Chemicals | ||
| Anhydrides | Plastics | Chemical-worker’s lung, plasticworker’s lung, epoxy-worker’s lung |
| Bordeaux mixture | Vineyard fungicide | Vineyard-sprayer’s lung |
| Isocyanates | Paints, plastics | Paint-refinisher’s lung |
| Pauli’s reagent | – | Pauli’s reagent lung |
| Pyrethrum | Insecticides | Insecticide lung |
| Metals | ||
| Cobalt | – | Hard metal lung disease |
| Beryllium | – | Berylliosis |
Derived and adapted from Costabel et al [20]