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. 2017 Mar 2;12:1757–1774. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S128396

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© 2017 Kuo et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Characteristics of particle morphology (A), drug release kinetics (B), physical stability (C) of LIP carriers and BBB integrity (D), transmigration efficacy across the BBB (E), and cytotoxicity after treatment with LIP carriers (F).

Notes: (A) (a) SEM image of CRM-LIP, (b) SEM image of WGA-CRM-CL/LIP, (c) TEM image of CRM-LIP, and (d) TEM image of WGA-CRM-CL/LIP; (B) (Δ) CRM-LIP, (◊) CRM-CL/LIP, (○) WGA-CRM-CL/LIP, and (□) WGA-NGF-CL/LIP; (C) (○) WGA-CRM-CL/LIP and (□) CRM-LIP; (D) a: control, b: free CRM, c: free NGF, d: CRM-CL/LIP, e: NGF-CL/LIP, f: WGA-CRM-CL/LIP, and g: WGA-NGF-CL/LIP, empty column for transendothelial electrical resistance and column with skew lines for permeability for propidium iodide; (E) empty column for CRM, column with skew lines for NGF (^#P<0.05); and (F) a: CRM, b: NGF, c: CRM-CL/LIP, d: NGF-CL/LIP, e: WGA-CRM-CL/LIP, and f: WGA-NGF- CL/LIP, empty column for HBMECs and column with skew lines for SK-N-MC cells; n=3.

Abbreviations: LIP, liposomes; CRM, curcumin; CL, cardiolipin; WGA, wheat germ agglutinin; TEER, transendothelial electrical resistance; PI, propidium iodide; BBB, blood–brain barrier; SEM, scanning electron microscopic; CL/LIP, CL-conjugated LIP; WGA-CL/LIP, CL-conjugated LIP modified with WGA; CRM-LIP, liposomes loaded with CRM; WGA-CRM-CL/LIP, WGA-grafted and CL-conjugated liposomes loaded with CRM; TEM, transmission electron microscopic; CRM-CL/LIP, CL-conjugated liposomes loaded with CRM; WGA-NGF-CL/LIP, WGA-grafted and CL-conjugated liposomes loaded with CRM; NGF, nerve growth factor; NGF-CL/LIP, CL-conjugated liposomes loaded with NGF; HBMEC, human brain-microvascular endothelial cell.

Characteristics of particle morphology (A), drug release kinetics (B), physical stability (C) of LIP carriers and BBB integrity (D), transmigration efficacy across the BBB (E), and cytotoxicity after treatment with LIP carriers (F).

Notes: (A) (a) SEM image of CRM-LIP, (b) SEM image of WGA-CRM-CL/LIP, (c) TEM image of CRM-LIP, and (d) TEM image of WGA-CRM-CL/LIP; (B) (Δ) CRM-LIP, (◊) CRM-CL/LIP, (○) WGA-CRM-CL/LIP, and (□) WGA-NGF-CL/LIP; (C) (○) WGA-CRM-CL/LIP and (□) CRM-LIP; (D) a: control, b: free CRM, c: free NGF, d: CRM-CL/LIP, e: NGF-CL/LIP, f: WGA-CRM-CL/LIP, and g: WGA-NGF-CL/LIP, empty column for transendothelial electrical resistance and column with skew lines for permeability for propidium iodide; (E) empty column for CRM, column with skew lines for NGF (^#P<0.05); and (F) a: CRM, b: NGF, c: CRM-CL/LIP, d: NGF-CL/LIP, e: WGA-CRM-CL/LIP, and f: WGA-NGF- CL/LIP, empty column for HBMECs and column with skew lines for SK-N-MC cells; n=3.

Abbreviations: LIP, liposomes; CRM, curcumin; CL, cardiolipin; WGA, wheat germ agglutinin; TEER, transendothelial electrical resistance; PI, propidium iodide; BBB, blood–brain barrier; SEM, scanning electron microscopic; CL/LIP, CL-conjugated LIP; WGA-CL/LIP, CL-conjugated LIP modified with WGA; CRM-LIP, liposomes loaded with CRM; WGA-CRM-CL/LIP, WGA-grafted and CL-conjugated liposomes loaded with CRM; TEM, transmission electron microscopic; CRM-CL/LIP, CL-conjugated liposomes loaded with CRM; WGA-NGF-CL/LIP, WGA-grafted and CL-conjugated liposomes loaded with CRM; NGF, nerve growth factor; NGF-CL/LIP, CL-conjugated liposomes loaded with NGF; HBMEC, human brain-microvascular endothelial cell.