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. 2017 Mar 2;12:1757–1774. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S128396

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Immunohistochemistry for amyloid plaques (A), Nissl staining (B), AChE activity (C), and MDA level (D) in the AD brain of rats after treating with LIP carriers. Notes: (A) Binding of anti-Aβ (brown), (a-1 and a-2) control (sham), (b-1 and b-2) Aβ, (c-1 and c-2) Aβ + CRM, (d-1 and d-2) Aβ + WGA-CRM-LIP, and (e-1 and e-2) Aβ + WGA-CRM-CL/LIP; (B) Nissl body (purple) in the hippocampus, (a) control (sham), (b) Aβ, (c) Aβ + CRM, (d) Aβ + WGA-CRM-LIP, and (e) Aβ + WGA-CRM-CL/LIP, (1) 40×, (2) 100×, (3) 200×, and (4) 400×; (C) AChE activity in brain parenchyma; and (D) MDA expression in brain parenchyma. (C and D) #P<0.05, *P>0.05, n=5.

Abbreviations: AChE, acetylcholinesterase; MDA, malondialdehyde; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; LIP, liposomes; Aβ, β-amyloid peptide; CRM, curcumin; WGA-CRM-LIP, wheat germ agglutinin-grafted liposomes loaded with CRM; WGA-CRM-CL/LIP, WGA-grafted and cardiolipin-conjugated liposomes loaded with CRM.