Figure 3.

Geometry of GNSS‐R showing a receiver in a low Earth orbit (LEO) collecting specular reflections from a constellation of GNSS transmitters. Received GNSS signals convey information of properties of reflecting surface. One receiver can measure signals from several transmitters reflected from the surface along several ground tracks (white dashed lines). As the satellite receiver flights along its orbit, the multiple tracks become long swaths on the Earth surface having swath width corresponding to the cross‐track footprints determined by the Fresnel zone at each local segment.