Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the 64 HD patients subdivided by the presence or absence of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) after two years of hemodialysis, before the five-years follow-up.
| Characteristics | Patients with CVD | Patients without CVD | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 23 | 41 | |
| Median age (Y) | 68.0(44~74.0) | 54.0(44.0~61.5) | 0.01 |
| Sex ratio (M/F) | 18/5 | 26/15 | 0.73 |
| Duration of HD (M) | 30.0(5.5~52.3) | 25.0(10.5~50.0) | 0.89 |
| Location of fistula (Radial/ Brachial) | 22/1 | 40/1 | 0.42 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.69±2.49 | 22.04±3.43 | 0.30 |
| EPO (U/week) | 0.80(0.40~1.00)*104 | 0.80(0.40~1.00)*104 | 0.93 |
| Causes of ESRD | 0.42 | ||
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 12 | 18 | |
| Hypertension | 2 | 5 | |
| Gout | 0 | 2 | |
| SLE | 0 | 2 | |
| DM | 6 | 4 | |
| Unknown | 3 | 10 | |
| Antihypertensive therapy | 0.56 | ||
| Calcium antagonist | 6 | 21 | |
| ACEI or ARB | 7 | 8 | |
| ß Blocker | 11 | 20 | |
| CO (L/min) | 6.07±1.51 | 6.38±1.77 | 0.78 |
| AVF Qa (ml/min) | 1105±176 | 918±215 | 0.01 |
| Ca (mmol/L) | 2.17±0.33 | 2.27±0.26 | 0.63 |
| P (mmol/L) | 1.02±0.21 | 2.05±0.62 | 0.08 |
| Hb (g/L) | 99.7±13.6 | 101.9±15.6 | 0.52 |
| ALB (g/L) | 38.1±3.5 | 38.2±6.5 | 0.66 |
| iPTH (ng/L) | 589.35±412.43 | 606.72±612.86 | 0.73 |
| HD/HDF | 11/12 | 10/31 | 0.28 |
| Anticoagulant (UFH/LMWH) | 10/13 | 16/25 | 0.43 |
| KT/V | 1.68±0.19 | 1.64±0.19 | 0.35 |
| HsCRP(mg/L) | 8.75()3.83~18.40) | 3.80(1.00~7.20) | 0.03 |
| IL-2 (pg/ml) | 2.73(2.19~6.22) | 2.59(2.01~4.50) | 0.41 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 6.00(4.40~11.49) | 2.60(1.96~4.73) | 0.002 |
| IL-10 (pg/ml) | 1.85(1.42~3.36) | 1.52(1.12~2.37) | 0.13 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 1.60(1.21~2.92) | 1.51(1.14~2.18) | 0.42 |
| T cells | 69.00(63.00~78.75) | 74.00(64.25~81.75) | 0.58 |
| Th cells | 42.00(35.25~52.50) | 41.50(37.00~49.00) | 0.90 |
| Ts cells | 24.00(22.25~26.50) | 24.00(20.75~32.75) | 0.95 |
| Th/Ts | 1.67(1.51~2.15) | 1.58(1.37~2.09) | 0.59 |
| B cells | 6.50(3.00~16.00) | 7.50(5.75~11.25) | 0.42 |
| NK cells | 15.50(7.75~23.25) | 12.50(6.00~22.00) | 0.81 |
Data are expressed as medians and quartiles for continuous variables that were not normally distributed and as the means and standard deviations for variables that were normally distributed. Comparisons between groups were performed by chi-squared tests or nonparametric tests. SLE, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; DM, diabetic mellitus; EPO, Erythropoietin; BMI, body mass index; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.