Table 1.
Health services utilization for sick children and candidate explanatory variables in Nigeria.
| Variable | Mean | SD | Variance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome variable | |||
| Health services utilization per 1000 live births by communities | 2.2 | 2.7 | 7.1 |
| Community level factors | |||
| Multiple childhood deprivation indexa | 0.0 | 1.0 | |
| Risky birth interval (%) | 17.1 | 9.2 | 83.9 |
| High birth order (%) | 44.7 | 16.0 | 257.2 |
| Low birth weight (%) | 13.3 | 10.3 | 105.2 |
| Never breastfed (%) | 2.6 | 3.8 | 14.6 |
| High number of under-fives (%) | 9.1 | 11.5 | 132.6 |
| Maternal deprivation | 0.0 | 1.0 | |
| Poverty rate (%) | 13.0 | 24.9 | 621.6 |
| Unemployment rate (%) | 26.1 | 20.0 | 400.5 |
| Illiteracy rate (%) | 33.0 | 37.1 | 1376.3 |
| Rural residency (%) | 58.6 | 49.3 | 2428.9 |
| Community environmental factor indexa | 0.0 | 1.0 | |
| Safe water source (%) | 27.4 | 32.5 | 1057.6 |
| Proper sanitation (%) | 32.6 | 32.8 | 1072.7 |
| Low pollution cooking fuel (%) | 2.9 | 11.5 | 133.3 |
| Maternal health-seeking behaviour indexa | 0.0 | 1.0 | |
| Child received at least one vaccination (%) | 66.1 | 19.4 | 375.6 |
| Ante-natal attendance (%) | 16.2 | 19.4 | 378.1 |
| Medical assistance at delivery (%) | 50.1 | 35.4 | 1249.6 |
| Tetanus injection during pregnancy (%) | 19.4 | 19.2 | 369.7 |
| Ethnicity diversity indexa | 0.0 | 1.0 | |
| Male gender | 17.8 | 9.4 | 48.0 |
a
Principal component; SD – standard deviation.