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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 7.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2016 Nov 10;135(10):978–995. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024692

Figure 3. SB431542 and XAV939 enhance the quality and speed of cardiac reprogramming in vitro.

Figure 3

(A) Quantification of percent beating cardiomyocytes over time showing that SB431542 and XAV939 accelerate the appearance of spontaneously beating cells as early as 1 week and increase the number of beating cells (n=3 independent experiment, *p<0.05, GMT (Blue), GMT + SB431542 (Green), GMT + XAV939 (Purple), GMT + SB431542 + XAV939 (Red)) (B) Within 2 weeks of reprogramming, troponin T and enhanced sarcomere organization were observed in the GMT + SB431542 + XAV939 group, but not in other settings (scale bar 50 µm). (C) Calcium transients from spontaneously contracting iCMs loaded with Fluo-4 calcium dye (Movie S3) (1 and 2 from two adjacent cells that beat at different rates) after 3 weeks of reprogramming, and quantification of the percentage of iCMs that exhibit spontaneous calcium transients over 8 weeks of reprogramming (n=200 cells analyzed at each time point from two independent experiments, *p<0.05 compared to GMT).