Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of propensity score-matched cohorts in the 455 days before the index date
| Characteristic | Denosumab N=2,467 | Zoledronic acid N=2,467 | Standard difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age (years) | 63.2±8.4 | 63.2±8.6 | <0.01 |
| Male sex | 3.9 | 4.4 | −0.03 |
| Regions | 0.03 | ||
| Midwest | 21.5 | 21.6 | |
| Northeast | 6.8 | 7.2 | |
| South | 55.2 | 55.7 | |
| West | 16.5 | 15.5 | |
| History of healthcare utilizations | |||
| Number of hospitalizations | 0.3±1.1 | 0.3±1.2 | −0.02 |
| Number of hospitalizations for infections | 0.03±0.2 | 0.04±0.2 | −0.04 |
| Number of outpatient infection diagnoses | 1.8±3.6 | 1.9±4.7 | −0.04 |
| Number of outpatient visits | 14.6±13.2 | 15.4±14.7 | −0.06 |
| Number of emergency room visits | 0.3±1.0 | 0.3±0.9 | <0.01 |
| Number of cardiology visits | 0.9±2.3 | 0.7±2.3 | 0.07 |
| Number of endocrinology visits | 0.6±1.5 | 0.7±1.6 | −0.01 |
| Number of rheumatology visits | 1.3±3.3 | 1.6±3.3 | −0.07 |
| Bone density mineral test | 84.4 | 84.5 | 0.00 |
| Flu vaccination | 39.2 | 38.9 | 0.01 |
| Pneumonia vaccination | 6.0 | 6.0 | <0.01 |
| History of comorbidities | |||
| Combined comorbidity score | 0.5±1.4 | 0.6±1.4 | −0.04 |
| Osteoporosis | 95.5 | 95.2 | 0.02 |
| Fracture | 15.4 | 15.8 | −0.01 |
| Inflammatory arthritis | 19.2 | 22.5 | −0.08 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5.3 | 5.5 | −0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10.6 | 10.5 | 0.00 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4.1 | 4.3 | −0.01 |
| Hypertension | 43.3 | 44.0 | −0.01 |
| Prior acute myocardial infarction | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.01 |
| Other ischemic heart disease | 1.3 | 1.4 | −0.01 |
| Other heart disease | 2.0 | 2.7 | −0.05 |
| Stroke | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.00 |
| Heart failure | 9.0 | 8.4 | 0.02 |
| Coronary revascularization | 20.3 | 21.0 | −0.02 |
| Smoking | 12.0 | 12.8 | −0.02 |
| Obesity | 4.3 | 4.0 | 0.02 |
| History of medication use | |||
| Other osteoporosis medication use | 30.0 | 30.2 | <0.01 |
| Other bisphosphonates except zoledronic acid | 18.7 | 18.4 | 0.01 |
| Calcitonin | 1.7 | 1.8 | −0.01 |
| Raloxifene | 4.5 | 4.6 | −0.01 |
| Parathyroid hormone | 6.6 | 6.9 | −0.01 |
| Antibiotics | 67.7 | 69.0 | −0.03 |
| Anticoagulants | 5.2 | 4.5 | 0.03 |
| Antidepressants | 30.9 | 31.1 | −0.01 |
| Antihypertensives | 41.1 | 41.9 | −0.02 |
| Antiplatelets/antithrombotics | 3.6 | 5.0 | −0.07 |
| Biologic DMARDs | 3.9 | 6.1 | −0.10 |
| Lipid lowerings | 35.6 | 35.6 | 0.00 |
| Non-biological non-specific immunosuppressive agents | 11.3 | 13.1 | −0.05 |
| NSAIDs and Coxibs | 30.0 | 32.3 | −0.05 |
| Opioids | 40.6 | 41.4 | −0.02 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 24.3 | 27.8 | −0.08 |
| Steroids, oral | 26.6 | 27.8 | −0.03 |
| Oral steroid use in 90 day period | 11.0 | 11.4 | −0.01 |
| Cumulative prednisone equivalent dose in mg | 237±943 | 298±1,117 | −0.06 |
| Steroids, injectable | 22.6 | 24.2 | −0.04 |
Values are percentage or mean ±SD. NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Coxibs = selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, DMARD= disease-modifying antirheumatic drug