Table 1.

Summary of liver IRE clinical studies including MRI acquisitions

Study	Primary aim	MRI sequences	Quantitative measures
Kingham et al., 2012 [14]	To evaluate recurrence and complications after liver IRE	Not specified	Tumor size
			Distance to the closest major hepatic vein or portal pedicle
			Area of the ablation zone
Mannelli et al., 2013 [17]	To report MRI appearance of a liver metastasis after IRE	Unenhanced and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted	None
		Diffusion-weighted (details not specified)
Cannon et al., 2013 [15]	To evaluate clinical safety and efficacy of IRE on hepatic tumors	Not specified	Tumor size
Niessen et al., 2013 [16]	To report IRE effects on a HCC lesion	T1-weighted	None
		Diffusion-weighted (details not specified)
Narayanan et al., 2014 [20]	To evaluate IRE effects on vessels in close proximity to the ablation zone	Contrast-enhanced (details not specified)	Distance from tumor to vessels
Granata et al., 2015 [13]	To report MRI findings after IRE of HCC	T2-weighted steady-state GRE	Area of the ablation zone
		T2-weighted FSE	Apparent Diffusion Coefficient
		Diffusion-weighted
		T1-weighted GRE in 5 different phases after contrast administration (hepatic arterial, portal venous, equilibrium, delayed, hepatobiliary excretion)
Dollinger et al., 2015 [21]	To evaluate alterations in venous structures adjacent to the ablation zone after IRE of malignant hepatic tumors	Not specified	Tumor diameter
			Distance from IRE needle to closest vessel
			Vessel diameter
Granata et al., 2016 [18]	To compare the diagnostic accuracy of MRI, CT and US in the evaluation of the ablation area after IRE of HCC	T2-weighted steady-state GRE	Tumor diameter
		T2-weighted FSE	Signal intensity
		Diffusion-weighted	Apparent Diffusion Coefficient
		T1-weighted GRE in 5 different phases after contrast administration (hepatic arterial, portal venous, equilibrium, delayed, hepatobiliary excretion)
Padia et al., 2016 [19]	To assess MRI findings after IRE of HCC	T2-weighted TSE	Long and short axes of the ablation zone
		T1-weighted GRE pre-contrast and in 3 phases after contrast administration (hepatic arterial, portal venous and delayed)	Periphery thickness
			Signal intensity
Dollinger et al., 2016 [22]	To evaluate biliary complications after IRE of malignant hepatic tumors	T1-weighted GRE acquired in the hepatobiliary phase after contrast administration	Bile duct diameter

Abbreviations: TSE = Turbo Spin Echo, GRE = Gradient Echo, FSE = Fast Spin Echo.