Table 2.
Studies describing NPs and antigens used as vaccines against infectious diseases, listed by NPs material and year of publication (n = 18 studies).
| NP material | Size in nm (shape) | Functionalization | Antigen (microorganism) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gold | 25 (sphere) | P. berghei circumsporozoite protein (Plasmodium berghei) | Kaba et al. (14) | |
| 2, 5, 8, 12, 17, 27, 32, and 50 (sphere) | Citrate | pFMDV (foot-and-mouth virus) | Chen et al. (15) | |
| 17 (sphere) | Citrate | PfMSP-119 (P. falciparum) | Parween et al. (16) | |
| 15 (sphere) | Citrate | Partially purified enteropathogenic STG coronavirus | Staroverov et al. (17) | |
| 15.6 (sphere) | Citrate | F1-antigen (Yersinia pestis) | Gregory et al. (12) | |
| 40 (sphere) | Pf CSP (P. falciparum) | Kaba et al. (18) | ||
| 35–40 (sphere) | Citrate | Pf CSP (P. falciparum) | Mccoy et al. (19) | |
| 20 and 40 (sphere), 40 × 10 (rod), and 40 × 40 × 40 (cubic) | CTAB and PSS-MA | WNVE protein (WNV) | Niikura et al. (20) | |
| 12 (sphere) | Citrate | Extracellular portion of M2 protein (influenza virus) | Tao et al. (21) | |
| 40 (sphere) | Chitosan | Tetanus toxoid bulk from Clostridium tetani | Barhate et al. (22) | |
| 15 (sphere) | Citrate | TetHC and modified LPS from Clostridium tetani | Gregory et al. (12) | |
| 15 (sphere) | Citrate | LPS conjugated to FliC as glycoantigen (Burkholderia thailandensis) | Torres et al. (13) | |
| 1.5 (sphere) | T cell epitopes, LLO91–99, and LLO189–201 (Listeria monocytogenes) | Rodriguez-Del Rio et al. (23) | ||
| 15 (sphere) | Citrate | Flagellin1-161 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) | Dakterzada et al. (24) | |
| Iron | 20 (sphere) | Dextran | PfMSP-11-42 (P. falciparum) | Pusic et al. (25) |
| Nickel | 23 (discoidal) | Truncated WNVE protein (WNV) | Fischer et al. (26) | |
| 199, 214, and 270 (capsule) | Gag p41 (HIV) | Wadhwa et al. (27) | ||
| 100 (capsule) | Gag p41 or p24/his-Nef (HIV) | Yan et al. (28) |
CTAB, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NP, nanoparticle; Pf CSP, P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein; pFMDV:; PfMSP, P. falciparum merozoite surface protein; PSS-MA, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid- comaleic acid); STG, swine-transmissible gastroenteritis; TetHC, Hc fragment (TetHc) of tetanus toxin; WNV, West Nile virus; WNVE, WNV envelope.