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. 2017 Mar 8;8:265. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00265

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Copyright © 2017 Gonzalez-Perez and Lamousé-Smith.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Maternal antibiotic treatment (MAT) and control (CTRL) effector CD8⁺ T cells proliferate and activate equally, but MAT effectors produce less interferon gamma (IFN-γ). CD8⁺ T cells purified from pooled spleens of day of life 15 CTRL and MAT infant mice were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 for 72 h and analyzed for (A) percentage of Ki-67 and CD44⁺ cells, (B) percentage of CD25⁺ cells of T effector cells (CD44⁺CD62L⁻, Teff) (CTRL, n = 6; MAT, n = 10), (C) percentage of IFN-γ⁺ Teff cells (CTRL, n = 11; MAT, n = 13), and (D) percentage of 7-aminoactinomycin D and annexin V positive Teff cells by flow cytometry. Data are representative of three independent experiments, presented as mean + SEM and were analyzed by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test (B,C). **p < 0.01.