Table 4.

Glucose abnormalities after interferon alpha based treatment

Ref.	Year	Country	Number of HCV patients	Patient profile	Glucose metabolism parameter	Statistical method	Significant association or difference	Genotypes	Statistics
Improvement of glucose abnormalities after HCV treatment
Konrad et al[42]	2000	United States	13		FPG and FI	Univariate	Yes	All	P < 0.05 and P < 0.01
Romero-Gomez et al[86]	2005	Spain	50		HOMA-IR	Univariate	Yes	All	In SVR; P < 0.05
Kawaguchi et al[106]	2007	Japan	89		HOMA-IR	Univariate	Yes	All	In SVR; P < 0.01
Chehadeh et al[107]	2009	Kuwait	181	G4	FPG	Univariate	Yes	G4	In SVR; P < 0.001
Kim et al[108]	2009	Korea	28	G1, G2	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	G1, G2	In SVR, OR of decreased IR 50 [3.74, 668.35]; P = 0.003
Conjeevaram et al[75]	2011	United States	341	G1	HOMA-IR	Univariate	Yes	G1	In SVR; P < 0.001
Khattab et al[76]	2012	Egypt	107	G4, non cirrhotic	HOMA-IR	Univariate	Yes	G4	In SVR ; P = 0.001
Thompson et al[13]	2012	United States	1038		HOMA-IR	Multivariate1	Yes	All	In G1 SVR; P = 0.007
Serfaty et al[103]	2012	France	161	G1, non cirrhotic	HOMA-IR	Univariate	Yes	G1	In SVR ; P < 0.05
Ziada et al[77]	2012	Egypt	140	Non DM, non cirrhotic	HOMA-IR	Univariate	Yes	All	P = 0.009
Chan et al[109]	2013	Australia	86	Non DM	HOMA-IR	Univariate	Yes	All	In SVR; P = 0.04
Jung et al[105]	2014	South Korea	60		HOMA-IR	Univariate	Yes	All	In SVR; P = 0.036
Mello et al[110]	2006	Brazil	30	G1, G3	HOMA-IR	Univariate	No	All	NS
Kawaguchi et al[111]	2009	Japan	72	Non DM, non cirrhotic	HOMA-IR, SI and ISI	Univariate1	No	No	HOMA-IR: NS In SVR, SI P = 0.002 and ISI P = 0.009
Brandman et al[101]	2012	United States	23	Non cirrhotic	SSGP	Univariate	No	No	NS
Occurrence of glucose abnormalities after HCV treatment
Simó et al[112]	2006	Spain	234	Non DM	DM or IGT	Multivariate1	Yes	All	In SVR, OR = 0.48 [0.24, 0.48]; P = 0.04
Romero-Gomez et al[91]	2008	Spain	1059		DM or IGT	Multivariate1	Yes	All	In SVR, OR = 0.44 [0.2, 0.97]; P = 0.04
Arase et al[113]	2009	Japan	2842		DM	Multivariate1	Yes	All	In SVR, HR = 0.36 [0.24; 0.56]
Aghemo et al[102]	2012	Italy	339	Non DM	HOMA-IR	Multivariate1	Yes	All	In SVR, OR = 0.36 [0.18, 0.72]; P = 0.004
Giordanino et al[114]	2008	Italy	202	Non DM	DM or IGT	Multivariate1	No	No	NS

¹association with SVR. HCV: Hepatitis C virus infection; G1: Genotype 1; SVR: Sustained virological response; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; IR: Insulin resistance; DM: Diabetes mellitus; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; FI: Fasting insulin; IGT: Impaired glucose tolerance; ISI: Insulin sensitivity index; SI: Serum insulin; SSGP: Steady-state plasma glucose; NS: Not significant.