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. 2017 Mar 7;23(9):1712–1719. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i9.1712

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©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Diagram showing the sacral venous system. RSV: Right sacral vein; LSV: Left sacral vein; MSV: Middle sacral vein; PVP: Presacral venous plexus; IVVS: Internal vertebral venous system; BVV: Basivertebral vein.