Table 3.
Molecules related to ion transport in epithelial cells of the endolymphatic sac
| Molecules | Cell localization | Species | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ion channels | |||
| Na+ channel (amiloride-sensitive) | Apical membrane | Guinea pig | [38] |
| Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) | Apical membrane | Rat, human | [39, 40] |
| K+ channel (outward delayed rectifier) | Basolateral membrane | Guinea pig | [41] |
| Non-selective cation channel (ATP-activated) | Apical membrane | Guinea pig | [42, 43] |
| Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) | Apical membrane | Rat | [40] |
| Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 4 | Apical membrane | Rat, mouse, human | [44, 45, 46] |
| K+ channel (KCNN2, KCNK2, KCNK6, KCNJ14) | Human | [47] | |
| ATPases | |||
| Na+–K+-ATPase | Basolateral membrane | Guinea pig | [48] |
| H+-ATPase | Apical membrane | Guinea pig, mouse | [49, 50] |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Membrane, cytoplasm | Guinea pig, mouse, chinchilla | [50, 51, 52, 53] |
| Ion exchangers | |||
| Cation exchanger: Na+–H+ exchanger | Apical membrane | Guinea pig, human | [54, 55] |
| Anion exchangers | |||
| Cl−–HCO3 − exchanger (SLC4A2) | Basolateral membrane | Guinea pig | [49] |
| Pendrin (SLC26A4) | Apical membrane | Mouse, human | [10, 50, 55] |
| Cotransporters | |||
| Bumetanide-sensitive Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter 2 (NKCC2) | Apical membrane | Rat, human | [55, 56, 57, 59, 60] |
| Thiazide-sensitive Na+–Cl− cotransporter (NCC, SLC12A3) | Apical membrane | Rat, human | [55, 58] |
| Na+-phosphate cotransporter (SLC34A2) | Apical membrane | Human | [55] |
| Aquaporins | |||
| AQPs 1–4, 6–9 | Rat | [59, 61] | |
| AQPs 1–3 | Mouse | [63] | |
| AQPs 1–4 | Human | [44, 57, 62] | |