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. 2017 Mar 8;7:44126. doi: 10.1038/srep44126

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

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Biosynthetic pathways for terpenoids (a) and carbazole alkaloids (b) in M. koenigii. Abbreviations: AACT, acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase; ANS, anthranilate synthase; CMK, 4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase; CS, chorismate synthase; CYP450, cytochrome P450; DMAPP, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate; DTPSs, diterpene synthases; DXR, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase; DXS, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase; EPSPS, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase; FDS, farnesyl diphosphate synthase; FPP, farnesyl diphosphate; G3P, 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde; GDS, geranyl diphosphate synthase; GGDS, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; GGPP, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate; GPP, geranyl pyrophosphate; HDR, hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase; HDS, hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase; HMBPP, (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate; HMGR, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase; HMGS, 3-hydroxy-3 methyl glutaryl coenzyme A synthase; IDI, isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; MCT, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-(cytidyl-5-diphosphate) transferase; MCS, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase; MDC, mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase; MEP, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate; MTs, methyltransferses; MTPs, mono terpene synthases; MVK, mevalonate kinase; PMK, 5-phosphomevalonate kinase; PKSIII; polyketide synthase type III; PTs, prenyltransferases; SK, shikimate kinase; STPSs, sesqui terpene synthases. Dashed arrows represent multiple steps. Arrows marked in red are proposed steps in carbazole alkaloid pathway³. The chemical structures represent major volatile terpenes and carbazole alkaloids reported in M. koenigii leaf.