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. 2017 Mar 8;7:44013. doi: 10.1038/srep44013

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Definition for subgroups: 1. Age < 65-year-old denotes younger age. 3. Non-smoker includes ex-smoker. 4. The BMI cut-off points follow WHO suggestion in Asian population. 6. Serum creatinine level < 6 mg/dL denotes lower serum creatinine. 8. DM as a comorbidity. 9. Ischemic heart disease as a comorbidity. Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; WHO, World Health Organization; SBP, systolic blood pressure; sCr, serum creatinine.