Table 3. Association between ESA use and dialysis initiation in a time-dependent Cox regression model.

	Crude HR and 95% CI	P valuea	Adjusted HRb and 95% CI	P valuec
ESA use	2.70 (1.96–3.73)	<0.001	0.63 (0.42–0.93)	0.021
ESA monthly dose (per 2,000 U/month)	1.08 (1.06–1.11)	<0.001	0.95 (0.91–0.98)	0.004

^aP value for univariate analysis. ^bVariables adjusted in the model: age, sex, smoking status, use of RAAS blockade, monthly eGFR level, monthly Hb level, MAP, BMI, primary glomerular disease (as an etiology for CKD), diabetes mellitus (as a comorbidity), ischemic heart disease (as a comorbidity), log UPCR level, and uric acid level. ^cP value for multivariate analysis.

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.