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. 2017 Mar 8;7:43838. doi: 10.1038/srep43838

Figure 4. Cell type-specific cytokine secretion in response to NAP treatment in vitro.

Figure 4

Primary human hepatocytes (PHH, n = 3–5), Kupffer cells (KC, n = 3–6) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, n = 3) were stimulated with DNA-based (REP 2006 and REP 2055) and RNA-based (REP 2139 and REP 2165) NAPs or immunostimulatory controls (TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C); TLR7/8 agonist ssRNA40 [ssRNA] and TLR9 agonist CpG ODN2216 [CpG ODN]) for 24 h. Supernatants were collected and secretion of interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon alpha 4 (IFNA4) and interferon lambda 2 (IFNL2) was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Values represented mean ± SEM. Group size n = 3–6 cell preparations. Statistically significant changes compared to untreated controls are reported for p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.001 (***); w/o, without treatment.