Table 1. Summary of significant and dose-dependent cytokine responses mediated by NAP treatment.

Cell Type	NAP [5 μM]	Cytokine gene induction							Cytokine secretion
		TNF	IL6	IL10	INFA4	INFB1	INFG	INFL2	TNF	IL6	IL10	INFA4	INFB1	INFG	INFL2
PHH	REP 2006										≤4
	REP 2055
	REP 2139
	REP 2165
KC	REP 2006	≤4			≤6			≤6
	REP 2055	≤2							≤8
	REP 2139
	REP 2165														≥8*
LSEC	REP 2006								n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.
	REP 2055								n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.
	REP 2139								n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.
	REP 2165								n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.	n.e.
PMBC	REP 2006	≤4	≤8						≤4
	REP 2055	≤2							≤6#
	REP 2139	≤8	≤8						≤4#		≤4#
	REP 2165	≤6	≤8

Gene expression and protein secretion of cytokines was analyzed in primary human hepatocytes (PHH), Kupffer cells (KC), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) exposure to indicated NAPs [5 μM]. Numbers indicate statistically significant and dose-related fold induction in cytokine gene expression (left, 6 h exposure) or cytokine secretion (right, 24 h exposure) relative to untreated cells. #, significant increase was only determined for 50 μM high dose treatment; *, not considered biologically relevant (see discussion); n.e., not evaluated.