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Schematic diagram illustrating the proposed signalling pathways involved in S1P‐induced COX‐2 expression and cell migration in HTSMCs. S1P induces COX‐2/PGE2‐dependent cell migration via Nox2/ROS‐ and PI3K/Akt‐dependent mTOR/FoxO1 and CREB phosphorylation. Moreover, mevastatin (MVS) inhibits S1P‐induced FoxO1 and CREB phosphorylation and translocation, and then suppresses cell migration via PPARγ.
