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. 2015 Dec 19;173(2):255–266. doi: 10.1111/bph.13382

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic overview of different design principles of GPCR‐based FRET sensors: (A) Schematic representation of a GPCR modified with the cyan and yellow fluorescent protein in IL‐3 and at the C‐terminus (Vilardaga et al., 2003). (B) Same design principle as in (A), but insertion of the discontinuous CCPGCC amino acid sequence as the FlAsH‐binding motif into IL‐3 in combination with CFP fused to the C‐terminus of the receptor is used instead (Hoffmann et al., 2005). (C) Same design principle as in (A) or (B), but the fluorophore pair FlAsH–ReAsH was used in combination using the amino acid motifs CCPGCC and FLNCCPGCCMEP (Zürn et al., 2010). (D) Insertion of the FRET pair mCitrine–mCerulean, where both mCit and mCer are inserted into the C‐terminus of the receptor (Malik et al., 2013). (E) Insertion of SNAP‐ and CLIP‐tag into the N‐terminus of the receptor. SNAP‐ and CLIP‐tag can be labelled with dyes that are capable of performing FRET, and one fluorophore is additionally tagged with the respective receptor ligand (Masharina et al., 2012).