Figure 1.

ATRA protects H9c2 cells from doxorubicin‐induced cell death. (A) ATRA inhibits doxorubicin‐induced viability loss in H9c2 cells (n = 5). (B) Representative images and (C) semi‐quantitative Western blot analysis of apoptosis‐associated proteins (Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xl, cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase‐3) (n = 5). Quantitative values are computed as the ratios of the density of the targeted protein to that of α‐tubulin. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM and were analysed by anova. *P < 0.05 versus control and ^P < 0.05 versus Dox.