Figure 3.

ATRA is more effective than resveratrol (Res) and dexrazoxane (Dex) against doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity. (A) The differences among ATRA, resveratrol and dexrazoxane treatment against doxorubicin‐induced viability loss in H9c2 cells (n = 5). (B) DCFH‐DA (10 μmol·L⁻¹) staining for the detection and evaluation of ROS. Representative images from each group (n = 6) are presented. Western blot analysis of the effects of (C) 2 and (D) 100 μmol·L⁻¹ ATRA, resveratrol and dexrazoxane on doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis (cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase‐3) (n = 5). Above: representative images; below: semi‐quantitative analysis. Quantitative values are computed as the ratios of the density of the targeted protein to α‐tubulin. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM and were analysed by anova. *P < 0.05 versus control and ^P < 0.05 versus Dox.