Figure 5.

ATRA inhibits doxorubicin‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in H9c2 cells. (A) JC‐1 staining for the MMP. Representative images from each group (n = 6) are presented. (B) Mitochondrial DNA copy number (n = 5). (C) Mitochondrial respiration capability (n = 5). Western blot analysis of (D) mitochondrial biogenesis‐associated proteins (PPARGC‐1α and TFAM), (F) mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (Complexes I–V) and (H) mitochondrial dynamics‐associated proteins (Mfn1/2, OPA1 and Drp1). (E, G, I) Semi‐quantitative analysis of Western blots. Quantitative values are computed as the ratios of density of the targeted protein to that of α‐tubulin (n = 5). Except as noted, the concentrations of ATRA and Dox are 2 and 3 μmol·L⁻¹ respectively. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM and were analysed by anova. *P < 0.05 versus control and ^P < 0.05 versus Dox.