Table 2.
Results from linear or logistic regression of distance to roads on markers of cardiac structure in JHS (N = 4826)a
| Distance to A1 or A2 road | <150 m (n = 103) | 150–299 m (n = 158) | 300–999 m (n = 1156) | ≥1000 m (n = 3409) | Log-transformed distance to A1 or A2 road (continuous) |
| LVMI, g/m2.7, beta (95% CI) | 1.3 (−0.9, 3.6) |
−0.7 (−2.5, 1.1) |
−0.3 (−1.1, 0.4) |
REF | −0.01 (−0.3, 0.3) |
| LV hypertrophy, OR (95% CI)b | 1.59 (0.88, 2.90) |
0.73 (0.37, 1.42) |
0.77 (0.58, 1.03) |
REF | 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) |
| LV end-diastolic diameter, mm, beta (95% CI) | 0.7 (−0.2, 1.5) |
−0.03 (−0.7, 0.7) |
0.1 (−0.2, 0.4) |
REF | −0.06 (−0.2, 0.06) |
| LV end-systolic diameter, mm, beta (95% CI) | 1.2 (0.2, 2.1)* |
−0.05 (−0.8, 0.7) |
0.008 (−0.3, 0.3) |
REF | −0.1 (−0.2, 0.03) |
| Distance to A1 road | <150 m (n = 34) |
150–299 m (n = 93) | 300–999 m (n = 793) |
≥1000 m (n = 3906) | Log-transformed distance to A1 road (continuous) |
| LVMI, g/m2.7, beta (95% CI) | 3.6 (−0.3, 7.4) |
0.0 (−2.3, 2.3) |
−0.06 (−0.9, 0.8) |
REF | −0.2 (−0.6, 0.2) |
| LV hypertrophy, OR (95% CI)b | 1.21 (0.44, 3.31) |
0.82 (0.35, 1.94) |
0.89 (0.64, 1.23) |
REF | 0.97 (0.85, 1.10) |
| LV end-diastolic diameter, mm, beta (95% CI) | 1.7 (0.2, 3.2)* |
0.09 (−0.8, 1.0) |
0.03 (−0.3, 0.4) |
REF | −0.08 (−0.2, 0.06) |
| LV end-systolic diameter, mm, beta (95% CI) | 2.0 (0.4, 3.7)* |
−0.08 (−1.1, 0.9) |
0.04 (−0.3, 0.4) |
REF | −0.08 (−0.2, 0.08) |
aModels adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, education level, occupation, neighborhood socioeconomic status z-score, type of medical insurance, and smoking status
bLV hypertrophy was modeled using logistic regression; all other models use linear regression
*p < 0.05