Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical baseline data, difference by HIV status
| Variables | Overall | HIV negative | HIV positive | ORa | CI 95% | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N total (%) | 412 (100) | 302 (73.3) | 110 (26.7) | |||
| Age (years)c | 25 (18–42) | 25 (18–42) | 26 (18–42) | 0.052d | ||
| No. of persons in householdc | 4 (1–22) | 4 (1–22) | 3.5 (1–10) | 0.08d | ||
| Single/widowed/divorced e | 67/410 (16.3) | 40 (13.3) | 27 (24.8) | 2.15 | 1.24–3.72 | 0.005 |
| Education: primary and lesse | 242/405 (59.8) | 168 (56.4) | 74 (69.2) | 1.74 | 1.09–2.78 | 0.021 |
| Income generating activitye | 101/394 (25.6) | 69 (24.0) | 32 (30.2) | 1.37 | 0.84–2.25 | 0.21 |
| Socioeconomic status: lowest categorye | 92/411 (22.4) | 74 (24.6) | 18 (16.4) | 0.6 | 0.34–1.06 | 0.08 |
| Travel distance to hospital ≥90 mine | 74/374 (19.8) | 61 (21.8) | 13 (13.8) | 0.58 | 0.3–1.11 | 0.094 |
| Referral from other health facilityle | 168/409 (41.1) | 123 (41.1) | 45 (40.9) | 0.99 | 0.64–1.55 | 0.97 |
| Cost coverage grant for transport/deliverye | 103/397 (25.9) | 60 (20.3) | 43 (42.2) | 2.9 | 1.76–4.63 | <0.001 |
| Primiparitye | 131/409 (32.4) | 107 (35.5) | 24 (21.8) | 0.51 | 0.3–0.84 | 0.008 |
| Grand multiparity (≥5 deliveries)e | 48/411 (11.7) | 35 (11.6) | 13 (11.8) | 1.02 | 0.52–2.01 | 0.96 |
| Any obstetric risk historye | 122/401 (30.4) | 71 (24.1) | 51 (48.1) | 2.93 | 1.84–4.66 | <0.001 |
| Hypertensione | 10/412 (2.4) | 8 (2.6) | 2 (1.8) | 0.68 | 0.14–3.26 | 0.63 |
| MIP reportede | 110/402 (27.4) | 84 (28.3) | 26 (24.8) | 0.84 | 0.5–1.39 | 0.49 |
| Anaemia ≤11.5 mg/dle | 117/373 (31.4) | 84 (29.9) | 33 (35.9) | 1.31 | 0.8–2.2 | 0.28 |
| ANC attendance: yese | 387/397 (97.5) | 286 (97.6) | 101 (97.1) | 0.82 | 0.21–3.25 | 0.78 |
| No. of ANC visitsc | 4 (0–9) | 4 (0–9) | 4 (0–9) | 0.16d |
aAll dichotomous variables consist of the respective attribute compared to the converse attribute and were cross tabulated against the women’s serostatus. The results of the converse attribute is not displayed
bBivariate, Pearson’s X2 asymptotic two-sided p-value, if not indicated otherwise. P-values in italics indicate statistically significant differences between the groups
cmedian (range)
dMann–Whitney-U-Test
en/total n with available data (%)