Table 3.
Comparing different ARV exposure groups and adverse birth outcomes (ABOs)
| Variables | Still-birth N (%) a | OR | CI 95% | P valueb | Preterm Delivery N (%)c |
OR | CI 95% |
P
valueb |
Small for gest. age N (%)d |
OR | CI 95% | P valueb | Any ABO N (%) |
OR | CI 95% | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug exposure | 25 | 112 | 44 | 158 | ||||||||||||
| HIV negative | 20 (6.6) | 1 | 85 (28.2) | 1 | 33 (11.3) | 1 | 119 (39.7) | 1 | ||||||||
| ART pre-conception | 3 (7.9) | 1.21 | 0.34–4.28 | 0.73e | 11 (28.9) | 1.04 | 0.49–2.18 | 0.93 | 3 (8.3) | 0.71 | 0.21–2.46 | 0.78e | 13 (35.1) | 0.82 | 0.4–1.68 | 0.59 |
| Option B+ | 2 (3.4) | 0.5 | 0.11–2.18 | 0.55e | 16 (27.6) | 0.97 | 0.52–1.81 | 0.92 | 8 (13.8) | 1.3 | 0.55–2.88 | 0.59 | 26 (44.1) | 1.2 | 0.68–2.11 | 0.53 |
| ARV regimens | 5 | 27 | 11 | 39 | ||||||||||||
| ART pre-conception | 3 (7.9) | 1 | 11 (28.9) | 1 | 3 (8.3) | 1 | 13 (35.1) | 1 | ||||||||
| Option B+ | 2 (3.4) | 0.41 | 0.07–2.57 | 0.38e | 16 (27.6) | 0.94 | 0.38–2.32 | 0.89 | 8 (13.8) | 1.76 | 0.44–7.12 | 0.52e | 26 (44.1) | 1.46 | 0.62–3.4 | 0.39 |
| Drug initiationf | 5 | 27 | 11 | 39 | ||||||||||||
| ARV exposure after GW 14 | 2 (4.3) | 1 | 12 (26.7) | 1 | 6 (13.3) | 1 | 20 (43.5) | 1 | ||||||||
| ARV exposure before GW 14 | 3 (6.0) | 1.4 | 0.22–8.81 | 1e | 15 (30.0) | 1.18 | 0.48–2.89 | 0.72 | 5 (10.4) | 0.76 | 0.21–2.67 | 0.66 | 19 (38.8) | 0,82 | 0.36–1.87 | 0.64 |
| Any ARV intake ≥90 days prior delivery | 5 (6.2) | 1 | 21 (26.3) | 1 | 8 (10.3) | 1 | 8 (53.5) | 1 | ||||||||
| Any ARV intake <90 days prior delivery | 0 (0) | 0.84 | 0.76–0.92 | 1e | 6 (40.0) | 1.87 | 0.6–5.9 | 0.35e | 3 (20.0) | 0.46 | 0.11–1.97 | 0.38e | 31 (38.8) | 0.55 | 0.18–1.68 | 0.29 |
| Exposure time | 25 | 112 | 44 | 158 | ||||||||||||
| HIV negative | 20 (6.6) | 1 | 85 (28.2) | 1 | 33 (11.3) | 1 | 119 (39.7) | 1 | ||||||||
| ARV exposure before GW 14 | 3 (6.0) | 0.9 | 0.26–3.15 | 1e | 15 (30.0) | 1.09 | 0.57–2.1 | 0.8 | 5 (10.4) | 0.91 | 0.34–2.47 | 0.86 | 19 (38.8) | 0.96 | 0.52-1.79 | 0.91 |
| Any ARV intake ≥90 days prior delivery | 5 (5.2) | 0.78 | 0.28–2.12 | 0.62 | 27 (28.4) | 1.01 | 0.61–1.68 | 0.97 | 11 (11.8) | 1.05 | 0.51–2.18 | 0.89 | 39 (41.1) | 1.06 | 0.66–1.69 | 0.81 |
| PMTCT intake prior delivery in days, Median (range) | 135 (126–144) |
0.86g | 113,5 (14–278) |
0.6g | 125 (19–232) |
0.73g | 129 (14–278) | 0.71g |
aTotal SB: 26; number excludes one woman who was on Option A at the time of delivery
ball data are bivariate, Pearson’s X2 asymptotic two- sided p- value, apart from where indicated differently
cTotal PTD: 116; number excludes three women on Option A and one HIV positive woman without ARV treatment
dTotal SGA: 47; number excludes two women on Option A and one woman with undocumented PMTCT regimen
eBivariate Fisher’s Exact test two- sided p- value
fOne woman on Option B+ excluded due to missing drug initiation date
gMann–Whitney-U Test