Table 4.
Adverse birth outcome: Stillbirth (SB)
| Variables | SBa,b | OR | CI 95% | P- valuec | AOR | CI 95% | P- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N Total | 26 | ||||||
| Age | 26 | ||||||
| <30 year | 19 (6.2) | 1 | |||||
| ≥30 year | 7 (6.7) | 1.08 | 0.44–2.65 | 0.86 | |||
| Education | 26 | ||||||
| Primary and higher | 21 (5.5) | 1 | |||||
| No formal education | 5 (21.7) | 4.78 | 1.62–14.12 | 0.011 d | 1.12 | 0.22–5.67 | 0.89 |
| Occupation | 26 | ||||||
| Income generation | 5 (5.0) | 1 | |||||
| No income generation | 21 (7.2) | 1.48 | 0.54–4.04 | 0.44 | |||
| Socioeconomic status (SES) | 26 | ||||||
| Higher SES (≥1 assets) | 15 (4.7) | 1 | |||||
| Lowest SES (0 assets) | 11 (12.0) | 2.75 | 1.22–6.22 | 0.012 | 1.89 | 0.69–5.17 | 0.21 |
| Parity | 26 | ||||||
| Primiparity | 7 (5.3) | 1 | |||||
| Multiparity (≥2 deliveries) | 19 (6.8) | 1.29 | 0.53–3.15 | 0.58 | |||
| Travel distance | 24 | ||||||
| <90 min | 11 (3.7) | 1 | |||||
| ≥90 min | 13 (17.6) | 5.6 | 2.4–13.1 | <0.001 d | 5.83 | 2.21–15.42 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 26 | ||||||
| No hypertension | 22 (5.5) | 1 | |||||
| Hypertension | 4 (40) | 11.52 | 3.03–43.81 | 0.002 | 18.03 | 3.31–98.1 | 0.001 |
| Malaria in pregnancy | 26 | ||||||
| No MIP detected peri-partum | 24 (6.4) | 1 | |||||
| MIP detected peri-partum | 2 (15.4) | 2.64 | 0.55–12.61 | 0.22d | |||
| MIP >3rd trimester | 3 (4.6) | 1 | |||||
| MIP ≤2nd trimester or no MIP | 23 (6.6) | 1.47 | 0.43–5.04 | 0.78d | |||
| Anaemia ≤11.5 mg/l | 24 | ||||||
| No | 12 (4.7) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 12 (10.3) | 2.32 | 1.01–5.34 | 0.042 | 2.26 | 0.88–5.84 | 0.09 |
aAll data N (%)
bPercentages refer to the number of participants with available data on respective variable
cBivariate, Pearson’s X2 asymptotic two-sided p-value if not indicated otherwise. P-values in italics indicate statistically significant differences between the groups
dBivariate, Fisher’s Exact test two- sided p- value