Table 7.
Results of Goodall's F‐tests and phylogenetic anova (iteration = 10 000), evaluating the relationship between ecological categories and bony labyrinth shapes (mean 3D Procrustes coordinates by species), with and without taking into account the phylogeny. Ecological signal is evaluated for multiple clades of the reference tree and for different set of ecologies (all ecologies, and each ecology compared with other categories)
| ProcD | BE | df | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodall's F‐test | Phylogenetic anova | Goodall's F‐test | Phylogenetic anova | ||||||||||
| R 2 | F | P‐value corrected | R 2 | F | P‐value corrected | R 2 | F | P‐value corrected | R 2 | F | P‐value corrected | ||
| All ecologies | |||||||||||||
| Clade 0 | 0.21079 | 1.7361 | 0.232674 | 0.14706 | 1.1207 | 1 | 0.19088 | 1.5334 | 0.737022 | 0.15881 | 1.2272 | 1 | 4 |
| Clade 1 | 0.63995 | 1.7774 | 1 | 0.51607 | 1.0664 | 1 | 0.64095 | 1.7851 | 1 | 0.51716 | 1.0711 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 2 | 0.24779 | 1.8118 | 0.0805922 | 0.16203 | 1.0635 | 1 | 0.23767 | 1.7147 | 0.167687 | 0.16185 | 1.0621 | 1 | 4 |
| Clade 3 | 0.49432 | 1.4663 | 1 | 0.49638 | 1.4785 | 1 | 0.44162 | 1.1863 | 1 | 0.45091 | 1.2318 | 1 | 2 |
| Clade 4 | 0.23903 | 1.7799 | 0.0233974 * | 0.18587 | 1.2937 | 1 | 0.22883 | 1.6814 | 0.0545948 | 0.19908 | 1.4085 | 1 | 3 |
| Clade 5 | 0.26865 | 1.9591 | 0.00649935 ** | 0.20162 | 1.3469 | 1 | 0.25227 | 1.7994 | 0.0350961 * | 0.21274 | 1.4412 | 1 | 3 |
| Clade 6 | 0.30295 | 2.1731 | 0.00129987 ** | 0.22834 | 1.4796 | 1 | 0.27857 | 1.9307 | 0.0259974 * | 0.23449 | 1.5316 | 0.945009 | 3 |
| Clade 7 | 0.4725 | 1.7914 | 0.1104896 | 0.32806 | 0.9765 | 1 | 0.4178 | 1.4352 | 1 | 0.306 | 0.8818 | 1 | 2 |
| Clade 8 | 0.32348 | 1.4344 | 0.856609 | 0.41847 | 2.1588 | 0.500448 | 0.31423 | 1.3747 | 1 | 0.41529 | 2.1307 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 9 | 0.25508 | 1.5409 | 0.597935 | 0.2345 | 1.3785 | 1 | 0.26217 | 1.5989 | 0.625885 | 0.25243 | 1.5195 | 1 | 2 |
| Clade 10 | 0.15224 | 1.6163 | 1 | 0.15184 | 1.6112 | 1 | 0.17721 | 1.9385 | 0.581048 | 0.18474 | 2.0394 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 11 | 0.17984 | 1.7542 | 0.729222 | 0.18064 | 1.7637 | 1 | 0.20058 | 2.0072 | 0.510848 | 0.20911 | 2.1152 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 12 | 0.40524 | 2.044 | 0.170937 | 0.48769 | 2.8559 | 0.998296 | 0.45251 | 2.4795 | 0.320411 | 0.54471 | 3.5893 | 0.657735 | 1 |
| Semi‐aquatic and other categories | |||||||||||||
| Clade 0 | 0.10823 | 3.5197 | 0.0318967 * | 0.049281 | 1.5032 | 1 | 0.096795 | 3.1079 | 0.0923912 | 0.058097 | 1.7887 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 2 | 0.035301 | 0.9148 | 1 | 0.042977 | 1.1227 | 1 | 0.033974 | 0.8792 | 1 | 0.047084 | 1.2353 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 4 | 0.04671 | 0.931 | 1 | 0.087189 | 1.8148 | 1 | 0.047823 | 0.9543 | 1 | 0.09034 | 1.8869 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 5 | 0.038998 | 0.7304 | 1 | 0.045047 | 0.8491 | 1 | 0.037499 | 0.7013 | 1 | 0.046035 | 0.8686 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 6 | 0.051444 | 0.922 | 1 | 0.070386 | 1.2872 | 1 | 0.048059 | 0.8582 | 1 | 0.073885 | 1.3562 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 9 | 0.056486 | 0.5987 | 1 | 0.057182 | 0.6065 | 1 | 0.051547 | 0.5435 | 1 | 0.053074 | 0.5605 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 9+ Melinae | 0.034671 | 0.431 | 1 | 0.088572 | 1.1661 | 1 | 0.038587 | 0.4816 | 1 | 0.090277 | 1.1908 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 9+ Martinae | 0.039664 | 0.6195 | 1 | 0.059188 | 0.9437 | 1 | 0.037983 | 0.5922 | 1 | 0.056381 | 0.8962 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 10 | 0.095686 | 0.9523 | 1 | 0.11759 | 1.1994 | 1 | 0.12009 | 1.2284 | 1 | 0.13821 | 1.4434 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 11 | 0.1395 | 1.2969 | 1 | 0.093135 | 0.8216 | 1 | 0.15682 | 1.4879 | 1 | 0.092622 | 0.8166 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 12 | 0.20703 | 0.7833 | 1 | 0.24533 | 0.9752 | 1 | 0.20525 | 0.7747 | 1 | 0.23874 | 0.9408 | 1 | 1 |
| Semi‐fossorial and other categories | |||||||||||||
| Clade 0 | 0.046084 | 1.401 | 1 | 0.029091 | 0.8689 | 1 | 0.042063 | 1.2734 | 1 | 0.031919 | 0.9562 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 1 | 0.48442 | 0.9396 | 1 | 0.53802 | 1.1646 | 1 | 0.48108 | 0.9271 | 1 | 0.53478 | 1.1495 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 2 | 0.024313 | 0.623 | 1 | 0.057851 | 1.5351 | 1 | 0.023778 | 0.6089 | 1 | 0.06067 | 1.6147 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 4 | 0.045101 | 0.8974 | 1 | 0.042256 | 0.8383 | 1 | 0.039814 | 0.7878 | 1 | 0.036509 | 0.72 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 5 | 0.053751 | 1.0225 | 1 | 0.077039 | 1.5024 | 1 | 0.060143 | 1.1518 | 1 | 0.085024 | 1.6726 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 6 | 0.068046 | 1.2412 | 1 | 0.08891 | 1.6586 | 0.9599 | 0.065604 | 1.1936 | 1 | 0.087845 | 1.6372 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 7 | 0.19406 | 1.204 | 1 | 0.3494 | 2.6852 | 0.86091 | 0.20766 | 1.3104 | 1 | 0.37194 | 2.961 | 0.53295 | 1 |
| Clade 9+ Melinae | 0.087508 | 1.1508 | 1 | 0.10862 | 1.4622 | 1 | 0.086723 | 1.1395 | 1 | 0.10941 | 1.4743 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 9+ Martinae | 0.037803 | 0.5893 | 1 | 0.040653 | 0.6356 | 1 | 0.037413 | 0.583 | 1 | 0.037408 | 0.5829 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 9 | 0.050509 | 0.532 | 1 | 0.054727 | 0.5789 | 1 | 0.052625 | 0.5555 | 1 | 0.051884 | 0.5472 | 1 | 1 |
| Semi‐arboreal and other categories | |||||||||||||
| Clade 0 | 0.025779 | 0.7674 | 1 | 0.038725 | 1.1683 | 1 | 0.022483 | 0.667 | 1 | 0.033913 | 1.018 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 2 | 0.023696 | 0.6068 | 1 | 0.031441 | 0.8116 | 1 | 0.023901 | 0.6122 | 1 | 0.027606 | 0.7097 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 3 | 0.24977 | 1.3317 | 1 | 0.15251 | 0.7198 | 1 | 0.2332 | 1.2165 | 1 | 0.13363 | 0.617 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 4 | 0.036652 | 0.7229 | 1 | 0.052695 | 1.0569 | 1 | 0.041631 | 0.8254 | 1 | 0.057992 | 1.1697 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 5 | 0.096013 | 1.9118 | 0.373014 | 0.11204 | 2.2711 | 0.600237 | 0.099118 | 1.9804 | 0.261423 | 0.11789 | 2.4056 | 0.489555 | 1 |
| Clade 6 | 0.044482 | 0.7914 | 1 | 0.034937 | 0.6154 | 1 | 0.039403 | 0.6973 | 1 | 0.030367 | 0.5324 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 7 | 0.22298 | 1.4348 | 0.832869 | 0.35299 | 2.7278 | 0.188082 | 0.2375 | 1.5574 | 0.648387 | 0.36614 | 2.8882 | 0.090891 | 1 |
| Clade 8 | 0.18397 | 0.6763 | 1 | 0.18743 | 0.692 | 1 | 0.1809 | 0.6625 | 1 | 0.16648 | 0.5992 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 9+ Martinae | 0.05583 | 0.887 | 1 | 0.049927 | 0.7883 | 1 | 0.050356 | 0.7954 | 1 | 0.042071 | 0.6588 | 1 | 1 |
| Arboreal and other categories | |||||||||||||
| Clade 0 | 0.053894 | 1.652 | 0.256473 | 0.042112 | 1.2749 | 1 | 0.049403 | 1.5072 | 0.39897 | 0.050291 | 1.5357 | 0.64014 | 1 |
| Clade 2 | 0.037744 | 0.9806 | 1 | 0.045781 | 1.1994 | 1 | 0.040308 | 1.05 | 1 | 0.04732 | 1.2418 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 3 | 0.1655 | 0.7933 | 1 | 0.20136 | 1.0085 | 1 | 0.19999 | 1 | 1 | 0.24452 | 1.2946 | 1 | 1 |
| Semi‐arboreal‐arboreal and other categories | |||||||||||||
| Clade 0 | 0.048947 | 1.4925 | 0.39717 | 0.03206 | 0.9605 | 1 | 0.04381 | 1.3287 | 0.58404 | 0.032993 | 0.9895 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 2 | 0.038234 | 0.9938 | 1 | 0.032083 | 0.8287 | 1 | 0.041134 | 1.0725 | 1 | 0.028189 | 0.7252 | 1 | 1 |
| Clade 3 | 0.18569 | 0.9121 | 1 | 0.21765 | 1.1128 | 1 | 0.16283 | 0.778 | 1 | 0.24849 | 1.3227 | 1 | 1 |
BE, minimum bending energy criterion; df, degrees of freedom; F, test statistic; ProcD, minimum Procrustes distance criterion; R 2, coefficient of determination.
Associated P‐values with Bonferroni correction applied for 13, 11, 10, 9, 3 and 3 tests; asterisks and bold indicate significant P‐values: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.005.