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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2017 Mar;69(3):129–139. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000458

FIG 2.

FIG 2

Vasodilator-beta-blocker interactions. Vasodilation lowers blood pressure, signals to the C-V center in the brain to activate release of NE onto peripheral alpha and beta-adrenoceptors. Angiotensin and norepinephrine constriction, increased cardiac output and sodium retention limit blood pressure lowering of vasodilator drugs unless drugs are used to interfere with the three limbs of the reflexes. (Reprinted with permission from New England Journal of Medicine, WA Pettinger, Minoxidil and the Treatment of Severe Hypertension, Vol 303, page 992. Copyright 1980 Massachusetts Medical Society).