Table 2.

Intervention and sustained effects on nurses' knowledge, quality of care, and patient outcomes.

Outcome	Time 1		Time 2		Time 3		Intervention Effects*		Sustained Intervention Effect†
	G2	G1	G2	G1	G2	G1	Time 1 to Time 2 in G1	Time 2 to Time 3 in G2	Time 2 to Time 3 in G1
1. Nurses’ Knowledge (N = 7,329 test scores from 3,013 unique nurses)
Mean Test Scores	47.2	49.2	49.4	70.2	71.0	59.4	.0002	.0002	<.0001
2. Quality of Care (N = 4,587 patients)
Accurate Electrode Placement
Right arm	83%	87%	82%	90%	91%	94%	.1185	.0002	.9884
Left arm	76%	85%	80%	89%	90%	97%	.0880	.0002	.9463
Left leg	71%	75%	81%	89%	93%	92%	.0002	.0002	.9499
V lead	28%	20%	38%	59%	62%	65%	.0002	.0002	.9508
Accurate Rhythm Interpretation	95%	82%	82%	97%	98%	94%	.0114	.0168	.1350
Cardiac Arrest Events
Cardiac Arrest	0.56%	1.20%	1.29%	0%	0.32%	0.72%	--	--	--
Initiated by Arrhythmia	0.45%	1.09%	1.16%	0%	0.16%	0.14%	--	--	--
Appropriate Monitoring – Telemetry Units Only	68%	66%	59%	70%	72%	70%	.0002	.0002	.5184
ST-segment Monitoring when Indicated	26%	56%	44%	67%	45%	75%	.0608	.0176	.7105
QTc Measurement when Indicated	28%	13%	34%	51%	35%	45%	.0002	.9999	.0034
3. Patient Outcomes (N = 95,884 admissions of 84,392 patients)
Mortality – limited to patients discharged from PULSE unit: N = 65,699	2.8%	2.7%	1.9%	2.7%	2.4%	3.1%	.6684	.1602	.0626
In-Hospital MI	3.1%	2.4%	2.9%	1.9%	2.3%	1.5%	.0136	.0160	.9993
Not Survive Cardiac Arrest Event (N = 218)	47.9%	21.1%	32.0%	22.7%	22.6%	25.0%	.9999	.8440	.4230

G1, indicates Group 1; G2, Group 2; MI, myocardial infarction.

^*Adjusted p-values for Bonferroni correction in two simultaneous tests to reject a null hypothesis of no change (two-sided test)

^†p-values to reject a null hypothesis of no change or improved (one-sided test)