Table 2. Stratified pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the correlation between pesticide exposure and risk of bladder cancer.
| Subgroup | Number of studies | OR (95% CI) Random model | OR (95% CI) Fixed model | Heterogeneity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | I2 (%) | ||||
| Study design | |||||
| Case-control | 7 | 2.075 (1.183-3.638) | 1.395 (1.188-1.639) | 0.000 | 84.7 |
| Cohort | 3 | 1.191 (0.979-1.448) | 1.146 (1.074-1.223) | 0.310 | 14.7 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 5 | 1.154 (1.020-1.306) | 1.144 (1.076-1.217) | 0.266 | 23.3 |
| Female | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Region | |||||
| Europe | 3 | 1.187 (0.722-1.951) | 1.138 (1.066-1.214) | 0.050 | 66.7 |
| America | 5 | 1.741 (1.270-2.388) | 1.741 (1.270-2.388) | 0.630 | 0 |
| Africa | 2 | 2.619 (0.507-13.528) | 1.376 (1.141-1.659) | 0.000 | 96.5 |
| Exposure assessment | |||||
| Questionnaire | 2 | 2.177 (0.975-4.859) | 1.882 (1.204-2.943) | 0.181 | 44.2 |
| Interview | 4 | 2.457 (0.755-7.989) | 2.084 (1.466-2.964) | 0.000 | 89.0 |
| Database | 4 | 1.148 (1.079-1.221) | 1.148 (1.079-1.221) | 0.502 | 0 |
| Control factors | |||||
| >3 | 3 | 1.607 (1.065-2.423) | 1.479 (1.137-1.924) | 0.068 | 48.9 |
| ≤ 3 | 7 | 1.752 (0.659-4.657) | 1.292 (1.083-1.540) | 0.000 | 93.7 |
| Study quality | |||||
| High | 3 | 1.170 (1.001-1.368) | 1.146 (1.077-1.219) | 0.166 | 44.3 |
| Low | 7 | 1.959 (1.081-3.550) | 1.828 (1.430-2.337) | 0.000 | 79.9 |