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The extent of autophagy is normalized to the untreated control. LN229 (A), A172 (B) and U87MG (C) cells were treated with 50 μM TMZ and/or 15 μg/ml ART, administered 72 h after the begin of TMZ treatment. Autophagy was measured 96 and 120 h after the onset of treatment. All data are the mean +/− SD of at least three independent experiments.
