Table 3. Radiomic features according to the number of histologic subtypes within a tumor.
Non-contrast images | p | Iodine-contrast images | p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
One subtype | Two subtypes | Three or four subtypes | One subtype | Two subtypes | Three or four subtypes | |||
Physical features | ||||||||
Volume (cm3) | 6.97±2.14 | 8.29±2.81 | 7.93±5.900 | 0.966 | 7.08±12.62 | 4.67±5.85 | 6.50±5.10 | 0.432 |
Density (HU) | 0.57±0.23 | 0.566±0.22 | 0.75±0.155 | 0.008* | 1.17±0.016 | 1.16±0.019 | 1.17±0.01 | 0.618 |
Mass (g) | 5.30±10.35 | 4.572±9.00 | 6.00±4.484 | 0.832 | 8.25±14.71 | 5.44±6.78 | 7.61±5.95 | 0.426 |
Size (mm) | 23.11±16.86 | 21.02±9.26 | 24.41±10.89 | 0.488 | 12.44±18.26 | 9.83±12.02 | 17.18±8.85 | 0.130 |
Histogram features | ||||||||
Skewness | −0.21±0.66 | 0.012±0.721 | −0.489±0.616 | 0.037* | 0.461±0.822 | 0.782±1.04 | 0.056±0.598 | 0.024* |
Kurtosis | 2.75±0.96 | 2.76±1.01 | 2.47±1.108 | 0.598 | 4.39±2.32 | 5.60±4.33 | 4.51±3.29 | 0.377 |
2.5th percentile (HU) | −797.76±71.95 | −814.99±70.14 | −769.28 ±74.37 | 0.080 | -21.07±14.38 | -23.42±16.68 | -31.39 ±14.34 | 0.131 |
25th percentile (HU) | −576.08±193.86 | −604.91±181.72 | −484.64 ±181.10 | 0.078 | 25.31±13.29 | 21.15±16.143 | 26.20±15.66 | 0.397 |
50th percentile (HU) | −431.21±232.06 | −450.78±234.06 | −251.37 ±171.56 | 0.009* | 52.50±16.20 | 47.94±19.68 | 56.62±5.35 | 0.220 |
75th percentile (HU) | -316.05±241.84 | -305.18±232.75 | -91.90±127.34 | 0.003* | 79.94±17.36 | 76.38±22.41 | 83.68±16.05 | 0.429 |
97.5th percentile (HU) | -181.87±241.84 | -128.25±189.22 | 32.48±39.52 | 0.002* | 152.31±39.92 | 156.08±35.30 | 143.65±27.89 | 0.464 |
Regional features | ||||||||
Uniformity | 0.003±0.002 | 0.002±0.001 | 0.002±0.001 | 0.042* | 0.009±0.002 | 0.009±0.002 | 0.008±0.002 | 0.365 |
Entropy | 8.76±0.73 | 9.08±0.50 | 9.41±0.37 | 0.003* | 7.17±0.37 | 7.24±0.32 | 7.36± 0.31 | 0.258 |
Intensity variability | 7.56±3.71 | 8.49±3.8 | 9.57±3.53 | 0.294 | 7.27±3.18 | 6.1563.29 | 8.03±3.27 | 0.099 |
Size-zone variability | 13.14±12.21 | 15.33±11.86 | 18.59±7.81 | 0.367 | 14.42±14.94 | 14.22±9.44 | 17.99±8.60 | 0.454 |
Local features | ||||||||
Energy on 1 voxel distance | 0.040±0.050 | 0.034±0.033 | 0.051±0.067 | 0.410 | 0.037±0.017 | 0.046±0.030 | 0.049±0.036 | 0.394 |
Energy on 2 voxel distance | 0.036±0.046 | 0.027±0.028 | 0.042± 0.064 | 0.356 | 0.033±0.014 | 0.040±0.025 | 0.043± 0.033 | 0.493 |
Energy on 3 voxel distance | 0.031±0.025 | 0.024±0.026 | 0.039± 0.061 | 0.337 | 0.036±0.014 | 0.040±0.025 | 0.042± 0.033 | 0.784 |
Entropy on 1 voxel distance | 1.74±0.23 | 1.79±0.19 | 1.76± 0.24 | 0.580 | 1.65±0.15 | 1.62±0.18 | 1.59±0.22 | 0.697 |
Entropy on 2 voxel distance | 1.82±0.24 | 1.91±0.20 | 1.89±0.26 | 0.306 | 1.66±0.13 | 1.66±0.17 | 1.63± 0.22 | 0.869 |
Entropy on 3 voxel distance | 1.81±0.22 | 1.93±0.22 | 1.92± 0.28 | 0.128 | 1.62±0.15 | 1.65±0.16 | 1.63±0.22 | 0.798 |
Correlation on 1 voxel distance | 0.089±0.037 | 0.091±0.046 | 0.079± 0.036 | 0.658 | 0.109±0.062 | 0.121±0.059 | 0.154±0.14 | 0.231 |
Correlation on 2 voxel distance | 0.047±0.030 | 0.053±0.024 | 0.056±0.027 | 0.555 | 0.034±0.027 | 0.036±0.023 | 0.052±0.057 | 0.190 |
Correlation on 3 voxel distance | 0.025±0.038 | 0.030±0.019 | 0.040± 0.020 | 0.231 | 0.021±0.019 | 0.017±0.015 | 0.027±0.030 | 0.203 |
Contrast on 1 voxel distance | 5.30±2.23 | 4.76±2.04 | 4.47±1.90 | 0.478 | 5.51±2.83 | 4.98±3.13 | 4.32±2.06 | 0.492 |
Contrast on 2 voxel distance | 11.16±4.60 | 10.45±4.24 | 10.62±5.01 | 0.834 | 8.13±4.25 | 7.29±3.87 | 6.09± 2.88 | 0.290 |
Contrast on 3 voxel distance | 14.71±6.75 | 14.29±5.67 | 15.48± 8.17 | 0.807 | 8.62±4.36 | 7.94±4.19 | 6.38± 2.86 | 0.248 |
Variance on 1 voxel distance | 0.17±0.11 | 0.163±0.054 | 0.129± 0.029 | 0.114 | 0.176±0.053 | 0.185±0.052 | 0.175±0.054 | 0.704 |
Variance on 2 voxel distance | 0.17±0.10 | 0.161±0.054 | 0.129± 0.032 | 0.121 | 0.177±0.052 | 0.186±0.051 | 0.177± 0.056 | 0.718 |
Variance on 3 voxel distance | 0.16±0.06 | 0.162±0.054 | 0.131± 0.038 | 0.111 | 0.179±0.050 | 0.188±0.051 | 0.179± 0.058 | 0.765 |
Sum mean on 1 voxel distance | 8.83±3.47 | 9.60±3.41 | 11.544±3.509 | 0.061 | 4.37±4.05 | 4.05±1.92 | 3.48±1.43 | 0.351 |
Sum mean on 2 voxel distance | 8.90±3.51 | 9.68±3.48 | 11.354± 3.407 | 0.111 | 4.37±1.92 | 4.02±1.87 | 3.40±1.46 | 0.285 |
Sum mean on 3 voxel distance | 8.46±3.06 | 9.79±3.57 | 11.369± 3.468 | 0.051 | 4.27±1.75 | 4.02±1.77 | 3.36± 1.44 | 0.267 |
Inertia on 1 voxel distance | 8.37±2.23 | 8.43±2.28 | 10.057± 1.532 | 0.027* | 6.87±1.71 | 6.50±1.64 | 6.85±1.71 | 0.617 |
Inertia on 2 voxel distance | 8.45±2.26 | 8.54±2.31 | 10.20±1.54 | 0.024* | 6.82±1.66 | 6.47±1.60 | 6.82± 1.70 | 0.621 |
Inertia on 3 voxel distance | 8.39±2.26 | 8.54±2.31 | 10.247± 1.554 | 0.018* | 6.70±1.56 | 6.44±1.56 | 6.78± 1.69 | 0.672 |
Cluster shade on 1 voxel distance | 5.30±2.23 | 4.76±2.04 | 4.479±1.903 | 0.478 | 5.51±2.83 | 4.98±3.13 | 4.33±2.07 | 0.492 |
Cluster shade on 2 voxel distance | 11.16±4.60 | 10.43±4.24 | 10.629±5.011 | 0.834 | 8.14±4.26 | 7.30±5.68 | 6.10±2.88 | 0.290 |
Cluster shade on 3 voxel distance | 14.71±6.75 | 14.29±5.67 | 15.480± 8.177 | 0.807 | 8.62±4.37 | 7.941±3.87 | 6.38± 2.86 | 0.248 |
Cluster tendency on 1 voxel distance | −43.74±16.58 | −42.39±50.95 | −108.582±29.33 | 0.244 | 14.25±29.92 | 14.76±27.81 | 3.07±20.57 | 0.309 |
Cluster tendency on 2 voxel distance | -37.71±86.04 | -36.77±116.02 | -82.633± 04.72 | 0.318 | 7.57±18.33 | 8.30±16.88 | 1.58±15.04 | 0.374 |
Cluster tendency on 3 voxel distance | −33.78±64.46 | −32.49±95.11 | −70.196±88.10 | 0.314 | 7.34±15.93 | 6.95±13.80 | 1.56± 14.53 | 0.388 |
Homogeneity on 1 voxel distance | 4532.07±1777.15 | 3387.64±2166.78 | 2629.69±181.00 | 0.025* | 629.72±389.37 | 565.77±348.42 | 386.11± 232.51 | 0.094 |
Homogeneity on 2 voxel distance | 3480.25± 1460.08 | 2523.03±1782.39 | 1899.41±1225.18 | 0.023* | 375.41±229.52 | 341.68±234.28 | 243.52± 173.64 | 0.197 |
Homogeneity on 3 voxel distance | 2895.88±1303.93 | 2039.34±1521.84 | 1380.43±1060.43 | 0.008* | 314.92±192.11 | 289.38±191.10 | 215.53± 177.30 | 0.273 |
Maximum probability on 1 voxel distance | 0.109±0.110 | 0.092±0.079 | 0.137± 0.125 | 0.248 | 0.085±0.041 | 0.110±0.064 | 0.116± 0.067 | 0.230 |
Maximum probability on 2 voxel distance | 0.095±0.102 | 0.072±0.071 | 0.117± 0.123 | 0.189 | 0.076±0.033 | 0.095±0.055 | 0.101± 0.062 | 0.308 |
Maximum probability on 3 voxel distance | 0.081±0.0619 | 0.064±0.065 | 0.107± 0.120 | 0.154 | 0.078±0.029 | 0.092±0.051 | 0.096± 0.061 | 0.491 |
Inverse variance on 1 voxel distance | 0.381±0.063 | 0.402±0.045 | 0.381± 0.051 | 0.153 | 0.413±0.050 | 0.417±0.045 | 0.416±0.031 | 0.952 |
Inverse variance on 2 voxel distance | 0.316±0.060 | 0.339±0.049 | 0.322± 0.047 | 0.185 | 0.377±0.066 | 0.386±0.054 | 0.396±0.046 | 0.598 |
Inverse variance on 3 voxel distance | 0.294±0.055 | 0.305±0.051 | 0.289± 0.049 | 0.487 | 0.372±0.059 | 0.375±0.056 | 0.390±0.047 | 0.558 |
Features showing uniform tendency are expressed in bold font.
P < 0.05