Table 3. Univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in the entire patient cohort (n = 141).
Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | ||
Lower | Upper | ||||
OS | |||||
CA9 (Low vs High) | 0.229 | 1.207 | 0.720 | 2.022 | 0.475 |
CD31 (Low vs High) | 0.285 | 0.956 | 0.583 | 1.569 | 0.860 |
CD68 (Low vs High) | 0.623 | 1.032 | 0.860 | 1.237 | 0.738 |
CD20 (Low vs High) | 0.864 | 1.048 | 0.637 | 1.724 | 0.854 |
Age (< median(65) vs ≥ median) | 0488 | 1.180 | 0.702 | 1.985 | 0.532 |
Sex (male vs female) | 0.291 | 1.176 | 0.722 | 1.917 | 0.514 |
Tumour localisation (head vs other) | 0.204 | 0.633 | 0.279 | 1.436 | 0.274 |
pT-stage (pT1-2 vs pT3-4) | 0.001 | 0.495 | 0.295 | 0.829 | 0.008 |
pN-stage (pN0 vs pN+) | 0.001 | 1.874 | 0.927 | 3.786 | 0.080 |
Grading (G1 vs G2 vs G3) | 0.056 | 1.252 | 0.815 | 1.926 | 0.305 |
Resection margins (R0 vs R1) | 0.001 | 1.374 | 0.769 | 2.453 | 0.283 |
Type of surgery (W vs PP vs TP) | 0762 | 1.170 | 0.745 | 1.839 | 0.496 |
PNI (no vs yes) | 0.001 | 1.695 | 0.977 | 2.941 | 0.060 |
VI (no vs yes) | 0.010 | 1.633 | 0.883 | 3.023 | 0.118 |
LI (no vs yes) | 0.11 | 0.923 | 0.516 | 1.650 | 0.787 |
Chemotherapy (no vs 1-2 cycles vs ≥ 3 cycles) | < 0.001 | 0.564 | 0.406 | 0.782 | 0.001 |
PFS | |||||
CA9 (Low vs High) | 0.388 | 1.100 | 0.680 | 1.780 | 0.697 |
CD31 (Low vs High) | 0.349 | 0.894 | 0.569 | 1.406 | 0.628 |
CD68 (Low vs High) | 0.745 | 1.010 | 0.849 | 1.202 | 0.908 |
CD20 (Low vs High) | 0.623 | 0.912 | 0.586 | 1.419 | 0.683 |
Age (< median(65) vs ≥ median) | 0.532 | 1.168 | 0.713 | 1.914 | 0.538 |
Sex (male vs female) | 0.790 | 1.041 | 0.661 | 1.638 | 0.864 |
Tumour localisation (head vs other) | 0.204 | 0.700 | 0.343 | 1.429 | 0.327 |
pT-stage (pT1-2 vs pT3-4) | 0.002 | 0.557 | 0.350 | 0.887 | 0.014 |
pN-stage (pN0 vs pN+) | 0.001 | 2.537 | 1.309 | 4.916 | 0.006 |
Grading (G1 vs G2 vs G3) | 0.009 | 1.476 | 0.991 | 2.197 | 0.055 |
Resection margins (R0 vs R1) | 0.001 | 1.354 | 0.798 | 2.300 | 0.261 |
Type of surgery (W vs PP vs TP) | 0.704 | 1.022 | 0.691 | 1.510 | 0.915 |
PNI (no vs yes) | < 0.001 | 1.878 | 1.111 | 3.177 | 0.019 |
VI (no vs yes) | 0.007 | 1.473 | 0.854 | 2.542 | 0.164 |
LI (no vs yes) | 0.077 | 0.961 | 0.576 | 1.605 | 0.880 |
Chemotherapy (no vs 1-2 cycles vs ≥ 3 cycles) | < 0.001 | 0.692 | 0.509 | 0.941 | 0.019 |
LPFS | |||||
CA9 (Low vs High) | 0.375 | 1.130 | 0.682 | 1.874 | 0.634 |
CD31 (Low vs High) | 0.252 | 1.015 | 0.630 | 1.636 | 0.950 |
CD68 (Low vs High) | 0.446 | 1.046 | 0.874 | 1.252 | 0.625 |
CD20 (Low vs High) | 0.850 | 1.011 | 0.631 | 1.622 | 0.962 |
Age (< median(65) vs ≥ median) | 0.222 | 1.414 | 0.845 | 2.367 | 0.187 |
Sex (male vs female) | 0.435 | 1.276 | 0.805 | 2.021 | 0.299 |
Tumour localisation (head vs other) | 0.186 | 0.689 | 0.318 | 1.494 | 0.345 |
pT-stage (pT1-2 vs pT3-4) | 0.007 | 0.612 | 0.375 | 1.000 | 0.050 |
pN-stage (pN0 vs pN+) | 0.001 | 1.930 | 0.980 | 3.799 | 0.057 |
Grading (G1 vs G2 vs G3) | 0.064 | 1.241 | 0.824 | 1.868 | 0.301 |
Resection margins (R0 vs R1) | 0.001 | 1.496 | 0.858 | 2.609 | 0.156 |
Type of surgery (W vs PP vs TP) | 0.814 | 1.056 | 0.687 | 1.624 | 0.804 |
PNI (no vs yes) | < 0.001 | 1.960 | 1.139 | 3.374 | 0.015 |
VI (no vs yes) | 0.008 | 1.543 | 0.851 | 2.796 | 0.153 |
LI (no vs yes) | 0.011 | 0.937 | 0.541 | 1.622 | 0.816 |
Chemotherapy (no vs 1-2 cycles vs ≥ 3 cycles) | < 0.001 | 0.606 | 0.442 | 0.830 | 0.002 |
DMFS | |||||
CA9 (Low vs High) | 0.405 | 1.189 | 0.728 | 1.944 | 0.489 |
CD31 (Low vs High) | 0.342 | 0.880 | 0.550 | 1.408 | 0.594 |
CD68 (Low vs High) | 0.949 | 0.965 | 0.810 | 1.150 | 0.688 |
CD20 (Low vs High) | 0.526 | 0.848 | 0.536 | 1.341 | 0.481 |
Age (< median(65) vs ≥ median) | 0.818 | 1.042 | 0.628 | 1.729 | 0.874 |
Sex (male vs female) | 0.452 | 1.119 | 0.701 | 1.786 | 0.637 |
Tumour localisation (head vs other) | 0.291 | 0.674 | 0.318 | 1.428 | 0.303 |
pT-stage (pT1-2 vs pT3-4) | 0.001 | 0.409 | 0.250 | 0.671 | 0.001 |
pN-stage (pN0 vs pN+) | 0.001 | 2.347 | 1.197 | 4.600 | 0.013 |
Grading (G1 vs G2 vs G3) | 0.004 | 1.485 | 0.982 | 2.243 | 0.061 |
Resection margins (R0 vs R1) | 0.001 | 1.351 | 0.779 | 2.342 | 0.284 |
Type of surgery (W vs PP vs TP) | 0.428 | 1.010 | 0.666 | 1.530 | 0.963 |
PNI (no vs yes) | 0.001 | 1.590 | 0.926 | 2.730 | 0.093 |
VI (no vs yes) | 0.005 | 1.640 | 0.933 | 2.882 | 0.086 |
LI (no vs yes) | 0.078 | 0.963 | 0.568 | 1.634 | 0.890 |
Chemotherapy (no vs 1-2 cycles vs ≥ 3 cycles) | < 0.001 | 0.706 | 0.510 | 0.976 | 0.035 |
Abbreviations: HR. hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; W, Whipples; PP, partial pancreatectomy; TP, total pancreatectomy; VI, vascular invasion; LI, lymphatic invasion; PNI, perineural/neural invasion; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; LFFS, local failure-free survival; DMFS, distant metastases-free survival;
Significant values have been marked with bold.