| Bcl-2 (B-Cell Lymphoma 2) |
−2.2 ± 0.23 |
+3.2 ± 0.44 |
An integral outer mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks the apoptotic death by interacting and inhibiting pro-apoptotic proteins, e.g BAX, APAF1 [20] |
| Bcl-2A1 (Bcl-2 related protein A1) |
−1.5 ± 0.21 |
+15.5 ± 1.1 |
BCL2A1 is a target of NF-kB activation, in response to inflammatory signals. This gene exerts pro-survival functions and is generally overexpressed in several cancers [21] |
| CD40LG |
−1.4 ± 0.11 |
+11.2 ± 0.7 |
An integral membrane protein and a member of the TNF superfamily, overexpressed in several carcinomas. Enhances cytokine production and promotion of cell proliferation [22] |
| GALNT5 (polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5) |
−1.8 ± 0.23 |
+8.5 ± 0.75 |
A member of the TNF superfamily. They are responsible for the altered O-linked glycosylation occurring during the development of various cancers and their progression via altering O-glycan biosynthesis [23] |
| PARP2 (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 |
−1.2 ± 0.15 |
+2.2 ± 0.25 |
Induced by double stranded DNA breaks, as a cellular response to DNA damage. It is involved in DNA repair and transcriptional regulation. PARP inhibitors are an emerging field in cancer therapy [24, 25] |
| SYCP2 (Synaptonemal Complex 2) |
−1.3 ± 0.16 |
+2.0 ± 0.22 |
A major component of synaptic complexes during meiosis (prophase). May be involved in the organization of chromatin by temporarily binding to DNA scaffold attachment regions [26] |
| TMEM57 (Transmembrane Protein 57) |
−1.4 ± 0.25 |
+1.6 ± 0.25 |
A target of Jun Kinase signaling. Has been shown to interact with several proteins, including the transcription regulators HTT and SMAD9). Its function is still being studied |
| ULK1 (Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1)/ ATG1 |
−1.3 ± 0.16 |
+3.1 ± 0.2 |
A serine/threonine protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation by phosphorylating Beclin-1. Transcriptional activation of ULK1 is involved in cancer cell survival [27, 28] |
| Pro-Apoptotic Genes |
| BMF (Bcl-2 modifying factor) |
+1.4 ± 0.23 |
+7.2 ± 0.55 |
A Bcl-2 family membrane that might activate apoptosis and anoikis. Interacts with other members of the Bcl-2 family for apoptosis induction [29, 30] |
| DEFB1 (Defensin, Beta 1) |
+1.3 ± 0.09 |
−40 ± 7.54 |
Found to be down-regulated in several cancer types and plays a significant role in innate and adaptive immune response to promote cytotoxicity [31] |
| HSPBAP1 (Heat shock protein 27kDa associated protein 1) |
+1.1 ± 0.11 |
+2.5 ± 0.3 |
May play a role in cellular stress response. Knockdown of this gene is associated with an increase in caspase-3/7 activation [32] |
| IFNG (Interferon Gamma) |
+3.3 ± 0.25 |
+1.5 ± 0.5 |
Coordinate various cell response programs, including macrophage activation, inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of apoptosis [33] |
| NFKB1 (Nuclear factor kappa B) |
+1.1 ± 0.11 |
−2.3 ± 0.3 |
Has both pro- and anti-apoptotic activities; a major transcription factor in various cell signaling pathways [34, 35] |
| TNFRSF1A (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 1A) |
+1.5 ± 0.15 |
−2.2 ± 0.3 |
Member of the TNF superfamily. Recruits adapter domains such as FADD and TRADD for activation of extrinsic apoptosis [36] |
| CASP1 (Caspase-1) |
+12.3 ± 2.1 |
−2.5 ± 0.25 |
Cleaves a variety of substrates (121 substrates), including pro-inflammatory cytokine pro-interleukin (IL)-1β to induce apoptosis (pyroptosis) [37] |
| SNCA (Alpha synuclein) |
+3.0 ± 0.14 |
−4.8 ± 0.45 |
A biomarker of colorectal cancer, and overexpressed in various other cancers; might be involved in cell death activation in certain cell types [38, 39] |
| TNF |
+8.3 ± 0.32 |
−7.5 ± 0.55 |
A cytokine that binds to its receptors (TNFR1, TNFRSF1A) and promotes extrinsic apoptosis under ideal conditions [40] |
| Pro-Autophagic Genes |
| GAA (Acid alpha glucosidase) |
+1.2 ± 0.22 |
+9.9 ± 0.34 |
Active in the lysosomes for the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Plays a role in autophaic induction by encouraging the degradation of p62 conjugated cargo [41] |
