Figure 7. Treatment with the choline kinase inhibitor V-11-0711 alters choline metabolism and reduces the expression of the EMT activators ZEB1 and TWIST1 in GBM cells.

(A) Expanded regions of ¹H-NMR spectra for the main choline metabolites of DMSO and V-11-0711 treated cells show the effectiveness of V-11-0711 treatment (B) V-11-0711 treatment led to a suppression of ZEB1 and induction of CHKα protein in GBM1 and a suppression of both ZEB1 and TWIST1 protein in JHH520 cells as measured by immunoblotting. Alpha tubulin and beta actin immunoblotting were used as loading controls. Abbreviations: DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide. The data is represented as mean ± SD (n = 3).