Table 2. RR (95%CI) for cardiometabolic risk factors per 60-min/day greater time sleeping, watching TV and PA (n = 5776).
| Cardiometabolic risk factors | Sleeping | P ¶ | q^ | TV-viewing | P ¶ | q^ | Light PAa | P ¶ | q^ | MVPAa | P ¶ | q^ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obesity | ||||||||||||
| Cases = 4256 | ||||||||||||
| Crude model | 0.99(0.97,1.01) | .462 | .038 | 1.03(1.02,1.04)** | < .001 | .002 | 0.99(0.96,1.02) | .365 | .030 | 0.94(0.92,0.96)** | < .001 | .004 |
| Multivariable model 1b | 0.99(0.97,1.01) | .665 | .043 | 1.03(1.02,1.04)** | < .001 | .002 | 0.99(0.96,1.02) | .480 | .038 | 0.95(0.93,0.97)** | < .001 | .004 |
| Multivariable model 2c | 0.99(0.98,1.00) | .659 | .041 | 1.02(1.01,1.03)** | < .001 | .002 | 0.98(0.95,1.01) | .144 | .029 | 0.95(0.93,0.97)** | < .001 | .004 |
| Type 2 diabetes | ||||||||||||
| Cases = 1832 | ||||||||||||
| Crude model | 1.00(0.97,1.03) | .682 | .043 | 1.05(1.03,1.07)** | < .001 | .005 | 1.06(0.99,1.13) | .075 | .021 | 0.97(0.93,1.02) | .321 | .029 |
| Multivariable model 1b | 1.00(0.97,1.03) | .930 | .046 | 1.05(1.03,1.07)** | < .001 | .005 | 1.04(0.97,1.11) | .214 | .030 | 0.93(0.88,0.98)** | .009 | .013 |
| Multivariable model 2c | 1.00(0.97,1.03) | .918 | .046 | 1.04(1.02,1.06)** | < .001 | .005 | 1.03(0.96,1.10) | .401 | .036 | 0.94(0.90,0.98)* | .032 | .014 |
| Abdominal obesity | ||||||||||||
| Cases = 5377 | ||||||||||||
| Crude model | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .842 | .050 | 1.02(1.01,1.03)** | < .001 | .007 | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .719 | .046 | 0.96(0.95,0.97)** | < .001 | .009 |
| Multivariable model 1b | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .528 | .041 | 1.01(1.00,1.02)** | < .001 | .007 | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .386 | .036 | 0.97(0.96,0.98)** | < .001 | .009 |
| Multivariable model 2c | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .549 | .038 | 1.01(1.00,1.02)** | < .001 | .007 | 1.00(1.98,1.02) | .988 | .048 | 0.97(0.96,0.98)** | < .001 | .009 |
| Multivariable model 3d | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .567 | .036 | 1.01(1.00,1.02)** | < .001 | .007 | 0.99(0.97,1.01) | .921 | .046 | 0.97(0.96,0.98)** | < .001 | .009 |
| High blood pressure | ||||||||||||
| Cases = 4308 | ||||||||||||
| Crude model | 1.01(0.99,1.03) | .111 | .023 | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .601 | .039 | 1.01(0.98,1.04) | .449 | .036 | 1.03(1.01,1.05)** | < .001 | .011 |
| Multivariable model 1b | 1.01(0.99,1.03) | .308 | .032 | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .669 | .045 | 1.00(0.98,1.02) | .964 | .048 | 1.01(0.99,1.03) | .143 | .025 |
| Multivariable model 2c | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .301 | .030 | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .564 | .039 | 1.00(0.97,1.03) | .847 | .045 | 1.01(0.99,1.03) | .122 | .021 |
| Multivariable model 3d | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .296 | .029 | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .623 | .039 | 1.00(0.97,1.03) | .835 | .043 | 1.01(0.98,1.04) | .103 | .018 |
| Hyperglycemia | ||||||||||||
| Cases = 3980 | ||||||||||||
| Crude model | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .768 | .048 | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .428 | .034 | 1.03(1.00,1.06)* | .025 | .018 | 0.99(0.97,1.01) | .656 | .041 |
| Multivariable model 1b | 1.00(0.98,1.02) | .992 | .050 | 1.01(0.99,1.03) | .337 | .034 | 1.02(0.99,1.05) | .074 | .021 | 0.98(0.95,1.01) | .057 | .018 |
| Multivariable model 2c | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .992 | .050 | 1.02(0.99,1.05) | .127 | .023 | 1.02(0.99,1.05) | .127 | .025 | 0.98(0.96,1.01) | .101 | .019 |
| Multivariable model 3d | 1.00(0.98,1.02) | .993 | .048 | 1.00(0.99,1.01) | .515 | .034 | 1.02(0.99,1.05) | .122 | .019 | 0.98(0.96,1.01) | .138 | .021 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | ||||||||||||
| Cases = 2525 | ||||||||||||
| Crude model | 1.02(0.99,1.05) | .167 | .025 | 1.02(1.00,1.04) | .056 | .019 | 1.01(0.96,1.06) | .699 | .045 | 0.94(0.90,0.98)** | .001 | .014 |
| Multivariable model 1b | 1.02(1.00,1.04) | .110 | .023 | 1.02(1.00,1.04)* | .020 | .016 | 1.02(0.97,1.07) | .482 | .039 | 0.95(0.91,0.99)** | .009 | .014 |
| Multivariable model 2c | 1.02(0.99,1.04) | .130 | .027 | 1.02(1.01,1.03)* | .043 | .016 | 1.01(0.96,1.06) | .756 | .043 | 0.95(0.91,0.99)* | .022 | .013 |
| Multivariable model 3d | 1.01(0.99,1.03) | .252 | .027 | 1.02(1.01,1.03) | .062 | .014 | 1.00(0.95,1.05) | .898 | .045 | 0.96(0.92,1.00) | .089 | .016 |
| Low HDL-c | ||||||||||||
| Cases = 2368 | ||||||||||||
| Crude model | 1.02(0.99,1.05) | .240 | .027 | 1.02(1.00,1.04)** | .009 | .016 | 1.03(0.97,1.09) | .381 | .032 | 0.89(0.85,0.93)** | < .001 | .013 |
| Multivariable model 1b | 1.02(0.99,1.05) | .071 | .019 | 1.01(0.99,1.03) | .181 | .029 | 1.04(0.98,1.10) | .144 | .027 | 0.93(0.89,0.97)** | < .001 | .011 |
| Multivariable model 2c | 1.02(1.00,1.04) | .080 | .018 | 1.01(0.99,1.03) | .347 | .034 | 1.03(0.97,1.09) | .338 | .032 | 0.93(0.89,0.97)** | .001 | .011 |
| Multivariable model 3d | 1.02(1.00,1.04) | .169 | .025 | 1.00(0.98,1.02) | .632 | .041 | 1.02(0.96,1.08) | .414 | .032 | 0.94(0.90,0.98)** | .004 | .011 |
Abbreviations: RR, Relative Risk; CI, confidence interval; PA, physical activity; HDL-c, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
aLight PA (<4.0 METs) includes leisurely stroll or walk. Moderate-vigorous PA (≥4.0 METs) includes faster walking, cross country walking, stair climbing, working in the garden, guided exercises and outdoor sports or at home or at the gym.
bModel 1, adjusted for age (continuous), sex, education level (illiterate /primary education, secondary education and academic/graduate), smoking status (never smoker, past smoker and current smoker), marital status (single/divorced, married and widower), familiar history of coronary heart disease (yes or no) and Mediterranean diet adherence (<8 or ≥9 items).
cModel 2, adjusted for variables in model 1 plus time spent in the other three self-reported activities. In addition, when models 1 and 2 were adjusted for obesity in type 2 diabetes, and for type 2 diabetes in obesity the associations remained unchanged.
dModel 3, adjusted for variables in model 2 plus the other four metabolic syndrome individuals components. All models were stratified by recruiting center.
¶ P-value * < .05, ** < .01.
q^ indicates false discovery rate-q value for multiple-testing using Benjamini-Hochberg test across the multiple associations between the exposure variables and the study outcomes.