Table 2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of refractive anisometropia among all participants (n = 23,114).
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR | P value | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | P value | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | P value | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | P value | 95% CI | |
| Refractive status | ||||||||||||
| Hyperopia | 2.68 | <0.001 | 2.25–3.19 | 2.42 | <0.001 | 2.02–2.89 | 2.37 | <0.001 | 1.98–2.83 | 2.37 | <0.001 | 1.98–2.83 |
| Myopia | 3.91 | <0.001 | 3.34–4.57 | 2.89 | <0.001 | 2.46–3.40 | 2.97 | <0.001 | 2.53–3.50 | 2.98 | <0.001 | 2.53–3.51 |
| Emmetropia | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Astigmatism (diopter) | 1.006 | <0.001 | 1.006–1.007 | 1.005 | <0.001 | 1.005–1.006 | 1.005 | <0.001 | 1.005–1.006 | 1.005 | <0.001 | 1.005–1.006 |
| Amblyopia | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 4.45 | <0.001 | 3.69–5.37 | 2.54 | <0.001 | 2.07–3.12 | 2.55 | <0.001 | 2.08–3.14 | 2.54 | <0.001 | 2.06–3.12 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 0.91 | 0.092 | 0.81–1.02 | 0.88 | 0.034 | 0.78–0.99 | 0.88 | 0.039 | 0.78–0.99 | |||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Area of residence | ||||||||||||
| Urban | 0.97 | 0.602 | 0.86–1.09 | 0.98 | 0.699 | 0.87–1.10 | 0.97 | 0.669 | 0.87–1.10 | |||
| Suburban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Maternal education level | ||||||||||||
| Junior high school or less | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Senior high school | 0.66 | 0.002 | 0.50–0.85 | 0.71 | 0.017 | 0.53–0.94 | 0.69 | 0.011 | 0.52–0.92 | |||
| College or more | 0.67 | 0.003 | 0.52–0.87 | 0.83 | 0.194 | 0.62–1.10 | 0.80 | 0.131 | 0.59–1.07 | |||
| Parental myopia | ||||||||||||
| None of both | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Either myopic | 0.91 | 0.371 | 0.73–1.12 | 0.93 | 0.505 | 0.74–1.16 | 0.92 | 0.461 | 0.73–1.15 | |||
| Both myopic | 0.89 | 0.254 | 0.72–1.09 | 0.81 | 0.073 | 0.65–1.02 | 0.80 | 0.058 | 0.64–1.01 | |||
| Age when starting near work | ||||||||||||
| <6 years | 1.18 | 0.127 | 0.96–1.45 | 1.16 | 0.168 | 0.94–1.44 | ||||||
| ≥6 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Time spent on near work | ||||||||||||
| <2 hours per day | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| ≥2 hours per day | 1.15 | 0.021 | 1.02–1.29 | 1.10 | 0.132 | 0.97–1.25 | ||||||
| Distance from near work | ||||||||||||
| ≥30 centimeters | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| <30 centimeters | 1.15 | 0.032 | 1.01–1.30 | 1.03 | 0.675 | 0.90–1.17 | ||||||
| 10-minute rest period after 30 minutes of near work | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| No | 1.01 | 0.862 | 0.89–1.15 | 0.93 | 0.289 | 0.81–1.07 | ||||||
| Use of cellphones, computers, or computer tablets in the past year | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 0.98 | 0.819 | 0.81–1.19 | 1.06 | 0.597 | 0.86–1.29 | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Attending an after-school tutorial program | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 0.95 | 0.473 | 0.84–1.09 | 0.90 | 0.141 | 0.79–1.04 | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Psuedo-R2 | 0.1012 | 0.1040 | 0.1059 | |||||||||
| Akaike information criterion | 8745.589 | 8738.672 | 8747.519 | |||||||||
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.