Table S3.
Cox proportional hazard models evaluating risk factors for overdose repetition and termination of continuous psychiatric care
| Characteristics | Psychiatrist cohort (n=6,790)
|
No-psychiatrist cohort (n =4,950)
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) for overdose repetition | HR (95% CI) for discontinuity of psychiatric care | HR (95% CI) for overdose repetition | HR (95% CI) for discontinuity of psychiatric care | |
| Age, years | ||||
| 19–34 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 35–49 | 0.84 (0.74, 0.96)* | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 0.80 (0.62, 1.04) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.14)* |
| 50–64 | 0.55 (0.44, 0.68)* | 1.03 (0.94, 1.14) | 0.32 (0.22, 0.47)* | 1.21 (1.13, 1.30)* |
| Women | 1.75 (1.46, 2.10)* | 0.94 (0.87, 1.01) | 1.35 (1.03, 1.76)* | 0.90 (0.85, 0.95)* |
| Number of chronic conditions | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 | 1.11 (0.97, 1.28) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.05) | 1.48 (1.12, 1.96)* | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) |
| ≥2 | 1.12 (0.94, 1.33) | 1.05 (0.95, 1.15) | 1.64 (1.15, 2.32)* | 1.19 (1.09, 1.29)* |
| Borderline personality disorder | 1.10 (0.85, 1.41) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.16) | 1.42 (0.56, 3.59) | 1.12 (0.82, 1.52) |
| Substance use disorders | 1.60 (1.31, 1.96)* | 1.25 (1.12, 1.40)* | 1.11 (0.53, 2.31) | 1.26 (1.08, 1.47)* |
| Overdose history | 2.07 (1.77, 2.43)* | 0.82 (0.72, 0.92)* | 2.95 (1.94, 4.49)* | 1.13 (0.96, 1.33) |
| Psychotropic prescriptions before index episode | ||||
| Benzodiazepines | ||||
| None (0 mg) | 0.74 (0.51, 1.08) | 0.84 (0.73, 0.97)* | 1.33 (0.90, 1.97) | 1.17 (1.08, 1.26)* |
| Normal (>0 to ≤15 mg) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| High (>15 to ≤30 mg) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.07) | 0.95 (0.87, 1.03) | 1.04 (0.61, 1.79) | 1.02 (0.87, 1.19) |
| Excessive (>30 mg) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) | 0.95 (0.86, 1.05) | 1.49 (0.75, 2.96) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.27) |
| Barbiturates | 0.96 (0.77, 1.20) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.21) | 1.25 (0.61, 2.54) | 1.29 (1.09, 1.53)* |
| Antidepressants | ||||
| None (0 mg) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.09) | 0.91 (0.84, 0.98)* | 1.04 (0.65, 1.68) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.16) |
| Normal (>0 to ≤300 mg) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| High (>300 mg) | 0.66 (0.46, 0.95)* | 0.96 (0.82, 1.14) | 0.23 (0.02, 3.09) | 1.00 (0.59, 1.68) |
| Antipsychotics | ||||
| None (0 mg) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.15) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | 0.95 (0.51, 1.77) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.24) |
| Normal (>0 to ≤450 mg) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| High (>450 mg) | 0.81 (0.62, 1.07) | 0.88 (0.77, 1.01) | 0.52 (0.18, 1.53) | 1.04 (0.69, 1.57) |
| Stabilizers | 1.02 (0.85, 1.23) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.08) | 0.66 (0.37, 1.17) | 1.06 (0.92, 1.24) |
| Management during index episode | ||||
| Psychosocial assessment | 0.97 (0.84, 1.11) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) | 0.95 (0.73, 1.24) | 0.75 (0.71, 0.81)* |
| Length of stay of ≥4 days | 0.83 (0.70, 0.98)* | 1.08 (0.99, 1.17) | 1.30 (1.01, 1.69)* | 0.86 (0.81, 0.92)* |
| Psychotropic prescriptions after index episode | ||||
| Benzodiazepines | ||||
| None (0 mg) | 0.53 (0.42, 0.66)* | 3.27 (2.95, 3.63)* | 0.40 (0.27, 0.61)* | 2.38 (2.03, 2.79)* |
| Normal (>0 to ≤15 mg) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| High (>15 to ≤30 mg) | 1.41 (1.17, 1.71)* | 1.13 (0.99, 1.28) | 1.75 (1.11, 2.77)* | 1.05 (0.80, 1.37) |
| Excessive (>30 mg) | 1.61 (1.30, 2.00)* | 1.00 (0.86, 1.17) | 1.75 (0.94, 3.26) | 1.13 (0.79, 1.63) |
| Barbiturates | 1.42 (1.11, 1.81)* | 0.99 (0.81, 1.21) | 1.43 (0.73, 2.80) | 1.56 (0.93, 2.64) |
| Antidepressants | ||||
| None (0 mg) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.17) | 2.45 (2.23, 2.70)* | 1.10 (0.73, 1.68) | 3.00 (2.50, 3.60)* |
| Normal (>0 to ≤300 mg) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| High (>300 mg) | 1.48 (1.05, 2.07)* | 1.00 (0.77, 1.31) | 1.36 (0.43, 4.31) | 1.55 (0.73, 3.29) |
| Antipsychotics | ||||
| None (0 mg) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.09) | 2.09 (1.88, 2.31)* | 0.81 (0.49, 1.35) | 2.04 (1.67, 2.48)* |
| Normal (>0 to ≤450 mg) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| High (>450 mg) | 1.05 (0.80, 1.36) | 0.82 (0.68, 0.98)* | 2.38 (1.28, 4.42)* | 1.00 (0.60, 1.67) |
| Stabilizers | 1.09 (0.89, 1.34) | 0.57 (0.51, 0.65)* | 1.09 (0.69, 1.71) | 0.70 (0.55, 0.89)* |
Note:
*
P<0.05.
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.