. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2016 Jul 11;39(1):1–14. doi: 10.1007/s10862-016-9556-8

Table 4.

Hierarchical Regression Analyses between Prenatal Stress, Heart Rate, and Child Reported Behavioral Problems

	Aggression					Delinquency					CU Traits					Grandiose-Manipulative Traits					Daring-Impulsive Traits
	b	SE	t	p	ΔR²	b	SE	t	p	ΔR²	b	SE	t	p	ΔR²	b	SE	t	p	ΔR²	b	SE	t	p	ΔR²
Step 1					.018^a					.024^a					.028^*					.029^*					.020^a
Sex	0.00	0.15	−0.02	.987		0.20	0.10	1.87	.062		2.19	0.88	2.49	.014		−0.05	0.28	−0.18	.858		0.42	0.24	1.76	.080
SA	0.17	0.08	2.17	.031		0.09	0.05	1.68	.095		0.48	0.45	1.05	.294		0.39	0.15	2.70	.007		0.17	0.12	1.39	.167
Step 2					.007					.007					.010					.025^*					.023^a
Sex	−0.02	0.15	−0.12	.902		0.17	0.11	1.64	.102		1.99	0.89	2.24	.026		−0.10	0.28	−0.36	.719		0.37	0.24	1.56	.120
SA	0.13	0.08	1.58	.115		0.08	0.06	1.39	.165		0.32	0.49	0.65	.518		0.25	0.16	1.61	.110		0.06	0.13	0.44	.664
Prenatal stress	0.09	0.08	1.14	.257		0.00	0.06	0.05	.962		0.19	0.49	0.38	.704		0.33	0.16	2.13	.034		0.25	0.13	1.93	.055
HR	−0.07	0.08	−0.92	.360		−0.07	0.05	−1.33	.184		−0.71	0.46	−1.56	.120		−0.24	0.14	−1.64	.102		−0.21	0.12	−1.72	.087
Step 3					.001					.000					.010					.009					.010
Sex	−0.02	0.15	−0.12	.906		0.17	0.11	1.64	.102		2.00	0.89	2.25	.025		−0.10	0.28	−0.36	.721		0.37	0.24	1.57	.118
SA	0.13	0.08	1.51	.132		0.08	0.06	1.37	.173		0.23	0.49	0.47	.640		0.22	0.16	1.42	.156		0.03	0.13	0.25	.807
Prenatal stress	0.10	0.08	1.23	.221		0.00	0.06	0.07	.942		0.37	0.50	0.74	.458		0.39	0.16	2.43	.016		0.30	0.13	2.25	.025
HR	−0.06	0.08	−0.78	.436		−0.07	0.06	1.27	.204		−0.55	0.47	−1.18	.238		−0.19	0.15	−1.28	.200		−0.16	0.12	−1.34	.182
Prenatal stress x HR	−0.03	0.06	−0.53	.600		−0.01	0.04	−0.11	.912		−0.54	0.35	−1.57	.117		−0.16	0.11	−1.49	.137		−0.15	0.09	−1.60	.111
Total R²					.100					.031					.047					.063					.053

Note. SA = Social adversity.

p<.05,

p<.10.